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Featured researches published by Daniel B. Lee.


Sociological Theory | 2000

The Society of Society: The Grand Finale of Niklas Luhmann*

Daniel B. Lee

This paper introduces Niklas Luhmanns final work, Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft (The Society of Society). According to Luhmann, sociologists have failed to produce even a partially adequate theory of society. Epistemological obstacles and humanist concerns for rationality and justice have prevented true progress in the discipline. With his “radically antihumanist, radically antiregional, and radically constructivistic” social system theory, Luhmann intends to bring about a sociological enlightenment. Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft focuses on communication as the only genuinely social phenomenon. Social systems differentiate and evolve as they communicate in three separate dimensions: the social, temporal, and functional. The path of evolution results from a history of variation, selection, and restabilization within these dimensions. Communication, bit by bit, produces social structures that, recursively, produce future structures. Society is communication. Sociology, as the science of society, is communication about how different societal systems operate, communicate, evolve, and maintain their boundaries.


Soziale Welt-zeitschrift Fur Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung Und Praxis | 2005

Ritual and the social meaning and meaninglessness of religion

Daniel B. Lee

The members of an Old Order Mennonite community successfully enact the rituals of foot washing, baptism, expulsion, and reconciliation without a common understanding of what the rituals are supposed to signify or why they are meaningful. The symbols and rituals of Weaverland Mennonites seem to sustain unity in the group because they completely transcend the individual beliefs of members. Religion is socially meaningful as a source of social solidarity because it transcends the personal beliefs of individuals. To be socially meaningful, religious interaction does not have to personally mean anything to the actors. The »form« of a ritual is the only thing that is socially significant because it alone is fixed, objectified, and self-evident. It is significant even though each participant in the ritual may attach a different »content« to the form.


Soziale Systeme | 2007

Observing Communication: Niklas Luhmann and the Problem of Ethnography

Daniel B. Lee

Zusammenfassung Ethnographische Studien präsentieren typischerweise beeindruckende Datenmengen, jedoch oft ohne dabei einen Beitrag zu disziplinaren, theoretischen oder substanziellen Problemen zu leisten. Niklas Luhmann wird nicht als qualitativer Sozialforscher angesehen, seine Gesellschaftstheorie kann aber helfen, die soziologische Relevanz der Ethnographie zu steigern. Mit Blick auf dieses Problem diskutiert der vorliegende Artikel die Vorteile, die aus Luhmanns theoretischer Entscheidung resultieren, Sinn und Kommunikation statt Akteure und Handlungen zu beobachten. Darüber hinaus versucht der Artikel die Rolle zu bestimmen, die das menschliche Bewusstsein in der Gesellschaft spielt. Es gibt viele Möglichkeiten für die Ethnographen, die systemtheoretische Konstrukte zum Vorteil der qualitativen Sozialforschung zu nutzen. Hier wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Feldforscher sich auf die Beschreibung der Benutzung von strukturellen Kopplungen in Echtzeit und die Untersuchung von symbolisch generalisierten Differenzen konzentrieren.


Soziale Welt-zeitschrift Fur Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung Und Praxis | 2007

Participant Observation and Systems Theory : Theorizing the Ground

Daniel B. Lee; Achim Brosziewski

Ethnographers appear to be fascinated by what they immediately experience as fieldworkers. However, although they represent themselves as participant observers, they have neglected to develop a theory of observation. Systems theorists have a theory of second order observation, but they tend to avoid conducting fieldwork. In this paper, we argue that systems theory and ethnography can effectively supplement each other. Drawing on the concept of self-reference, we examine the relationship between perception, observation, and understanding. Ethnographers have not adequately explained how these fundamental concepts fit together, as we show in a discussion of Clifford Geertz call for »thick description.« A special form of observing, understanding reaches beyond perception. Meaning and culture appear only in the light of self-reference. As participants, ethnographers must not only observe what happens in the field; but they must also observe connections between empirical events. They must observe the process of selectivity that uses meaning to differentiate what actually happens from alternative possibilities. Guided in the field by this theory of observation, ethnography can move beyond collecting »stories« and effectively open itself to the established questions, familiar problems, and epistemological resources of the discipline of sociology. For its part, a theoretically informed ethnography would help extend the scope of systems theoretical research beyond functional and historical analyses. Making their observations in the form of ethnography, systems theorists might focus on explaining how social practices unfold themselves with reference to the social dimension of meaning.


Soziale Systeme | 2005

Making Music out of Noise: Barbershop Quartet Singing and Society

Daniel B. Lee

Zusammenfassung Die traditionelle US-amerikanische Musikrichtung, Barbershop, ist eine spezielle Form des A-Capella-Gesangs mit einem vierstimmigen Akkord auf jeder Melodienote. Die selbstreferentielle Organisation dessen, was sich zunächst nur als Rauschen darstellt, aber zu Musik werden soll, gelingt dabei mit Hilfe von Kommunikation. Diese Perspektive, die sich dafür interessiert, wie eine Gesellschaft Probleme der Verständigung und Ordnung löst, verdankt sich zunächst einem funktionalistischen Interesse. Auf ethnographischer Basis wird dabei nachvollzogen, wie das soziale System des Barbershop-Singens diese besondere Form des Gesangs herstellt, indem es die Variationsmöglichkeiten vokaler Geräusche einschränkt. Entstehung und Fortdauer des Barbershop-Singens als empirisch operierendes soziales System muss als hochunwahrscheinlich angesehen werden, insofern es mehr als der Zustimmung zur Teilnahme bedarf. Es hängt darüberhinaus von semantischen und strukturellen Ressourcen ab, die auf drei verschiedenen Formen der Kommunikation beruhen: Interaktion, Organisation und Gesellschaft.


Sociology of Religion | 2009

Maria of the Oak: Society and the Problem of Divine Intervention

Daniel B. Lee


Archive | 2009

Observing society : meaning, communication, and social systems

Daniel B. Lee; Achim Brosziewski


MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research | 2010

Clicking for friendship: social network sites and the medium of personhood

Daniel B. Lee; Jessica Goede; Rebecca Shryock


Archive | 2000

Old Order Mennonites: Rituals, Beliefs, and Community

Daniel B. Lee


Archive | 2004

A Great Racial Commission

Daniel B. Lee

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Jessica Goede

California State University

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Rebecca Shryock

California State University

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