Daniel Colman

Effect of watery extract of Orbignya phalerata (babassu) in the gastric healing in rats: morfologic and tensiometric study

ABSTRACT Introduction : The large use of plants in the prevention and treatment of different diseases is a milenar practice. In Brazil due to it’s rich flora there is a huge material for research and use in popular medicine. The babassu ( Orbignya phalerata ) is a native tree from North of the Brazil and has a high concentration at the State of Maranhao. The powder of it’s mesocarp is known as amid, and has been used as meal and medication due to the known activity against antiflammatory reaction, pain, pyrexia and immunomodulation. Purpose: To analyze the effect of mesocarp of Orbignya phalerata (babassu) in gastric wound healing in rats under morphologic and tensiometric aspects. Method: Forty Wistar rats, male, adults were submitted to a longitudinal incision of 1 cm in the gastric body and sutured with separated stitches of polypropilene 6.0. After this common procedure the animals were allocated in the aleatory way in two groups Orbignya (GO) and Control (GC) with 20 animals each one. In the GO was used intraperitoneal doses of 50mg/kh of

Análise da redistribuição de calor com agentes inalatórios, em ratos submetidos a laparotomia e pneumoperitônio, através da termografia infravermelha

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anesthesiology involves the handling of situations inherent to anesthetic and surgical procedures which lead to patients thermal homeostasis unbalance, with noxious physiological effects. This study aimed at qualifying and quantifying thermal redistribution in rats subjected to inhalation anesthesia, during induction and in surgical situations of laparotomy and increased intra-abdominal pressure. METHODS The study involved 90 rats, submitted to inhalation anesthesia, which were distributed in three groups: halothane; isoflurane; sevoflurane. Each group was divided in subgroups: I - control; II - median laparotomy with bowel exposure; III - 15 mmHg Increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Heat loss was measured by an esophageal probe and infrared thermal image. RESULTS There were no significant differences among inhalation anesthetics regarding heat loss between groups I and II. In group III, there was a difference between isoflurane and sevoflurane and isoflurane was responsible for the highest heat loss.

[Analysis of heat loss using inhalation agents in rats subjected to laparotomy and increased intra-abdominal pressure, using digital infrared thermal image].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anesthesiology involves the handling of situations inherent to anesthetic and surgical procedures which lead to patients thermal homeostasis unbalance, with noxious physiological effects. This study aimed at qualifying and quantifying thermal redistribution in rats subjected to inhalation anesthesia, during induction and in surgical situations of laparotomy and increased intra-abdominal pressure. METHODS The study involved 90 rats, submitted to inhalation anesthesia, which were distributed in three groups: halothane; isoflurane; sevoflurane. Each group was divided in subgroups: I - control; II - median laparotomy with bowel exposure; III - 15 mmHg Increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Heat loss was measured by an esophageal probe and infrared thermal image. RESULTS There were no significant differences among inhalation anesthetics regarding heat loss between groups I and II. In group III, there was a difference between isoflurane and sevoflurane and isoflurane was responsible for the highest heat loss.

Vasomotor effect after acute intoxication with bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in rats via intraperitoneal route analyzed via digital infrared imaging

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The study of the vasomotor effect of local anesthetics (LA) is of paramount importance for the analysis of the occurrence of cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects, and drug interactions. In order to find a safer drug than racemic bupivacaine, this study aimed to analyze digital infrared imaging of acute vasomotor effect of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in rats intraperitoneally. METHOD We used 30 male Wistar rats distributed into three groups (n=10) and subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of LA. In Group C (control) 1 mL 0.9% saline was injected intraperitoneally. In Group B (bupivacaine), intraperitoneal injection of 0.5% of racemic bupivacaine (S50-R50), dose of 20 mg.kg⁻¹ of body weight. In Group L (levobupivacaine), intraperitoneal injection of levobupivacaine 0.5% enantiomeric excess (S75-R25) in dose of 20 mg.kg⁻¹ of body weight. The procedure was thermographicly continuously filmed from the time of pre-injection until 30 minutes after injection. The results of the recordings were analyzed in graphical form, verifying the maximum temperature of each rat and the average temperature of the system that housed the animal. RESULTS The results of graphic analysis showed no difference between Group L and Group C, and the average temperature remained stable throughout the experiment in both groups. In Group B, there was a phenomenon of temperature increase after intraperitoneal injection of bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the vasomotor effect of the acute toxicity of levobupivacaine was similar to Group C with saline, through macroscopic studies by infrared digital filmmaking, and that there were vasomotor changes (vasoconstriction), with bupivacaine intoxication in relation to both Group C and Group L.

Análise macroscópica infra-vermelha da difusão do óxido nitroso via inalatória para a cavidade abdominal, em ratos submetidos a pneumoperitônio

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nitrous oxide (N2O), for its tri-atomic asymmetric structure, has high energy emission and absorption characteristics within the infrared spectrum, with maximum absorption at 4.5 microm, what makes it visible at short infrared, when contrasted with a heat emission source (hot support). Many authors have described N2O diffusion to closed cavities by chromatography methods and gas analyzers, which do not allow a detailed macroscopic study of the gas. This study aimed at macroscopically filming in the infrared spectrum inhaled N2O diffusion to the peritoneal cavity of rats submitted to 20 mmHg room air pneumoperitoneum. METHODS Animals where divided in three groups according to the anesthetic drug: I - Intravenous control: intraperitoneal thiopental; II - inhaled control: 1.2% isoflurane in 100% O2; III - nitrous oxide: 66% N2O in oxygen and 0.6% isoflurane. Thermal images of abdominal decompression where captured by an AGEMA 550 radiometer filmed at 7 frames per second. RESULTS N2O was visible to infrared. At abdominal decompression, groups I and II have not shown visible gas traces at infrared thermographs, while group III had visible infrared traces. CONCLUSIONS Our conclusion was that 66% inhaled nitrous oxide has diffused to peritoneal cavity of rats submitted to 20 mmHg room air pneumoperitoneum, with no intra-abdominal pressure increase.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El oxido nitroso (N2O), por ser una estructura tri-atomica asimetrica, toma caracteristicas de alta emision y absorcion de energia en el espectro infrarrojo, con un pico caracteristico de absorcion en 4,5 µm, lo que lo hace visible al infrarrojo corto, cuando contrastado con una fuente emisora de calor (resguardo caliente). Diversos autores han descrito la difusion del N2O para cavidades cerradas por metodos como cromatografia gaseosa y analizador de gases, que no permiten un estudio macroscopico detallado del gas. El presente estudio tubo como objetivo la filmacion macroscopica en el espectro infrarrojo de la difusion de N2O, utilizado en anestesia inhalatoria, para la cavidad peritoneal de ratones sometidos a pneumoperitoneo de 20 mmHg con aire ambiente. METODO: Los animales fueron divididos en tres grupos, de acuerdo con el anestesico utilizado: I- Control venoso: tiopental intra-peritoneal; II- Control inhalatorio: isoflurano a 1,2% en O2 100%; III- Oxido Nitroso: N2O 66% en oxigeno e isoflurano a 0,6%. Los termogramas provenientes de la descompresion abdominal fueron obtenidos, por medio de un radiometro AGEMA 550 filmados a 7 cuadros por segundo. RESULTADOS: El N2O se demostro visible al infrarrojo. En el momento de la descompresion abdominal, no hubo en los grupos I y II termogramas con rastros de gases visibles al infrarrojo. Hubo, todavia, rastros de gases visibles al infrarrojo en el grupo III. CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que el oxido nitroso inhalatorio a 66% se difundio para la cavidad peritoneal de ratones sometidos a pneumoperitoneo de 20 mmHg con aire ambiente, sin aumento de la presion intra-abdominal.

Thermal response of rats to different types of trauma.

BACKGROUND Hypothermia is commonly observed in victims of trauma, and it is generally combined with shock caused by either hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic mechanisms. This study deals with phenomena related to nonhemorrhagic mechanisms. The objective is to document through experimental evidence the existence of a natural mechanism in rats that compensates for the inadequate tissue perfusion in the presence of shock by reducing body temperature (hypothermia). METHODS Different types of trauma are analyzed (i.e., abdominal cavity and bowel exposure) and compared with other groups that suffered, additionally, femur fracture and partial hepatectomy. Further thermal alterations are also studied as consequences of vascular phenomena involving the elevation of intra-abdominal pressure and clamping of arteries and veins, such as the aorta and inferior vena cava. The loss of energy and temperature response of the animals is documented in time through charts with experimental uncertainties. RESULTS It is concluded that exposure of the bowels is the main factor involved in the genesis of hypothermia, regardless of the associated trauma. Plastic film is shown to be the most effective way to avoid heat loss in bowel exposure. An optimal intra-abdominal pressure, Popt congruent with 12 mm Hg, is found such that heat flux loss is minimum in pneumoperitoneal procedures. CONCLUSION Aortic and inferior vena cava clamping induces hypothermia at levels comparable to bowel exposure.

Termo-coronário-angiografia: padronização do método e primeiras aplicações clínicas no Brasil

The authors report the experience with the methodological implantation of thermo-coronary-angiography in the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Hospital de Clinicas, Federal University of Parana, and the Hospital Universitario Evangelico de Curitiba. It is a totally noninvasive technique that allows the real time assessment of the coronary blood flow with no interruption on the surgical procedure. Using TCA, it was possible to analyze the heart before and after the bypass graft completion, which allowed the visualization and recording of the ischemic area in the myocardial wall, the assessment of the graft patency, including stenoses, and the status of myocardial perfusion by preestablished collateral branches. Therefore, TCA is helpful in order to improve the results of the coronary artery bypass graft surgery, providing a higher treatment quality to the patient with coronary artery disease. Due to its great number of advantages, this infrared imaging method has an enormous likelihood to become a crucial tool to perform a safe myocardial revascularization. Further more, a permanent TCA system established in the operating room would extend all its benefits to other cardiac surgical procedures.

Infrared image monitoring of local anesthetic poisoning in rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the thermographic predictive value of local anesthetic poisoning in rats that indicates the early recognition of thermal signs of intoxication and enable the immediate start of advanced life support. METHODS Wistar rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of saline and ropivacaine; they were allocated into pairs, and experiments performed at baseline and experimental times. For thermography, central and peripheral compartment were analyzed, checking the maximum and average differences of temperatures between groups. Thermographic and clinical observations were performed for each experiment, and the times in which the signs of intoxication occurred were recorded. In the thermal analysis, the thermograms corresponding to the times of interest were sought and relevant data sheets extracted for statistical analysis. RESULTS Basal and experimental: the display of the thermal images at times was possible. It was possible to calculate the heat transfer rate in all cases. At baseline it was possible to see the physiology of microcirculation, characterized by thermal distribution in the craniocaudal direction. It was possible to visualize the pathophysiological changes or thermal dysautonomias caused by intoxication before clinical signs occur, characterized by areas of hyper-radiation, translating autonomic nervous system pathophysiological disorders. In animals poisoned by ropivacaine, there was no statistically significant difference in heat transfer rate at the experimental time. CONCLUSIONS The maximum temperature, medium temperature, and heat transfer rate were different from the statistical point of view between groups at the experimental time, thus confirming the systemic thermographic predictive value.

Efeito vasomotor após intoxicação aguda com bupivacaína e levobupivacaína via intraperitoneal em ratos, analisado por imagem infravermelha digital

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El estudio del efecto vasomotor de los anestesicos locales (AL), es de suma importancia para el analisis del aparecimiento de efectos cardiotoxicos, neurotoxicos e interacciones medicamentosas. Con el fin de encontrar un farmaco mas seguro que la bupivacaina racemica, el presente estudio se propuso analizar por imagen infrarroja digital, el efecto vasomotor de la intoxicacion aguda de la bupivacaina y de la levobupivacaina via intraperitoneal en ratones. METODO: Fueron usados 30 ratones machos de la raza Wistar, divididos en tres grupos (n = 10) y sometidos a una inyeccion intraperitoneal de AL. En el Grupo C (Control), fue realizada una inyeccion intraperitoneal de suero fisiologico al 0,9% 1 mL. En el Grupo B (bupivacaina), una inyeccion intraperitoneal de bupivacaina racemica al 0,5% (R50-S50), dosis de 20 mg.kg-1 de peso. En el Grupo L (levobupivacaina), una inyeccion intraperitoneal de levobupivacaina al 0,5%, con exceso enantiomerico (S75-R25) en dosis de 20 mg.kg-1 de peso. Despues de procedio a la filmacion termografica continua desde el momento anterior a la inyeccion hasta 30 minutos despues de ella. Los resultados de las filmaciones se analizaron de forma grafica, verificando la temperatura maxima de cada raton y la temperatura promedio del sistema que abrigaba al animal. RESULTADOS: Los resultados del analisis grafico revelaron que no hubo diferencia entre el Grupo L y el Grupo C, y que la temperatu-ra promedio se mantuvo estable durante todo el experimento en los dos grupos. En el Grupo B, se produjo un fenomeno de aumento de temperatura despues de la inyeccion intraperitoneal de bupivacaina. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados demostraron que el efecto vasomotor de la toxicidad aguda de la levobupivacaina fue similar al Grupo C con suero fisiologico, por medio de estudios macroscopicos por filmacion digital infrarroja, y que se produjeron alteraciones vasomotoras (vasoconstriccion), con la intoxicacion por bupivacaina respecto del Grupo C y con relacion al Grupo L.

Macroscopic infrared analysis of inhaled nitrous oxide diffusion to abdominal cavity in rats submitted to pneumoperitoneum.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nitrous oxide (N2O), for its tri-atomic asymmetric structure, has high energy emission and absorption characteristics within the infrared spectrum, with maximum absorption at 4.5 microm, what makes it visible at short infrared, when contrasted with a heat emission source (hot support). Many authors have described N2O diffusion to closed cavities by chromatography methods and gas analyzers, which do not allow a detailed macroscopic study of the gas. This study aimed at macroscopically filming in the infrared spectrum inhaled N2O diffusion to the peritoneal cavity of rats submitted to 20 mmHg room air pneumoperitoneum. METHODS Animals where divided in three groups according to the anesthetic drug: I - Intravenous control: intraperitoneal thiopental; II - inhaled control: 1.2% isoflurane in 100% O2; III - nitrous oxide: 66% N2O in oxygen and 0.6% isoflurane. Thermal images of abdominal decompression where captured by an AGEMA 550 radiometer filmed at 7 frames per second. RESULTS N2O was visible to infrared. At abdominal decompression, groups I and II have not shown visible gas traces at infrared thermographs, while group III had visible infrared traces. CONCLUSIONS Our conclusion was that 66% inhaled nitrous oxide has diffused to peritoneal cavity of rats submitted to 20 mmHg room air pneumoperitoneum, with no intra-abdominal pressure increase.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El oxido nitroso (N2O), por ser una estructura tri-atomica asimetrica, toma caracteristicas de alta emision y absorcion de energia en el espectro infrarrojo, con un pico caracteristico de absorcion en 4,5 µm, lo que lo hace visible al infrarrojo corto, cuando contrastado con una fuente emisora de calor (resguardo caliente). Diversos autores han descrito la difusion del N2O para cavidades cerradas por metodos como cromatografia gaseosa y analizador de gases, que no permiten un estudio macroscopico detallado del gas. El presente estudio tubo como objetivo la filmacion macroscopica en el espectro infrarrojo de la difusion de N2O, utilizado en anestesia inhalatoria, para la cavidad peritoneal de ratones sometidos a pneumoperitoneo de 20 mmHg con aire ambiente. METODO: Los animales fueron divididos en tres grupos, de acuerdo con el anestesico utilizado: I- Control venoso: tiopental intra-peritoneal; II- Control inhalatorio: isoflurano a 1,2% en O2 100%; III- Oxido Nitroso: N2O 66% en oxigeno e isoflurano a 0,6%. Los termogramas provenientes de la descompresion abdominal fueron obtenidos, por medio de un radiometro AGEMA 550 filmados a 7 cuadros por segundo. RESULTADOS: El N2O se demostro visible al infrarrojo. En el momento de la descompresion abdominal, no hubo en los grupos I y II termogramas con rastros de gases visibles al infrarrojo. Hubo, todavia, rastros de gases visibles al infrarrojo en el grupo III. CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que el oxido nitroso inhalatorio a 66% se difundio para la cavidad peritoneal de ratones sometidos a pneumoperitoneo de 20 mmHg con aire ambiente, sin aumento de la presion intra-abdominal.