Daniel E. Kaiser

Runoff phosphorus loss immediately after poultry manure application as influenced by the application rate and tillage.

Excessive or N-based application of poultry manure for crops may result in significant risk of P loss with surface runoff. This study assessed P loss immediately after poultry manure application to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residue with and without tillage at eight Iowa fields. Manure from chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) or turkeys (Melleagris gollopavo) was applied at intended rates of 0, 84, or 168 kg total N ha(-1) (total P was 0, 21-63, 50-123 kg P ha(-1), respectively) with three replications. Simulated rainfall (76 mm h(-1)) was applied to 3-m2 sections of larger field plots with 2 to 7% slope, usually within 2 d of application, to collect runoff during 30 min. Runoff was analyzed for concentrations of sediment, dissolved reactive P (DRPC), bioavailable P (BAPC), and total P (TPRC). Non-incorporated manure consistently increased (P < or = 0.10) concentrations of all runoff P fractions in five sites, but there were increasing trends at all sites, and on average manure increased DRPC, BAPC, and TPRC 32, 23, and 12 times, respectively, over the control. Tillage to incorporate manure reduced DRPC, BAPC, and TPRC by 88, 89, and 77% on average, respectively, although in non-manured plots tillage seldom affected DRPC or BAPC and often increased TPRC. Tillage increased sediment concentration in runoff but not enough to offset the benefits of manure P incorporation. Runoff P loads generally followed trends of runoff P concentrations but were more variable, and significant treatment effects were less frequent. Overall, incorporation of manure by tillage was very effective at reducing P loss during runoff events shortly after poultry manure application under the conditions of this study.

Sulfur, Protein Size Distribution, and Free Amino Acids in Flour Mill Streams and Their Relationship to Dough Rheology and Breadmaking Traits

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze sulfur content, protein size distribution, and free amino acids in flour mill streams (FMS) and their associations to dough rheology and breadmaking traits. Break FMS had higher nitrogen and sulfur quantities than reduction FMS. The third break FMS had the highest nitrogen and sulfur contents among FMS but low bread loaf volume partly due to high ash content. Sulfur quantity had greater or equivalent correlations with dough rheology and breadmaking properties compared with nitrogen quantity when the effect of percent ash content was removed statistically. FMS also showed significant quantitative variation in HMW polymeric proteins of the SDS-unextractable fraction that had greater association with sulfur content and dough rheology and breadmaking traits than other protein fractions. Asparagine, which is a major amino acid in flour, was found at higher levels in the third break and third reduction FMS. Ratio of nitrogen to sulfur was significantly correlated wi...

Heart rate change as a function of age, tidal volume and body position when breathing using voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization

Voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization (VCRS), where inspiration and expiration follows a fixed number of heart beats, was used to investigate heart rate change (HRC) in 16 subjects (grouped as 20-30 and 46-57 years of age) as a function of age, body position, and respiratory tidal volumes of 500 and 1000 ml. In phase I, the subjects, following a tone, inspired for two heart beats and expired for three beats. In phase II, the older groups breathing pattern was 2/2, 2/3, 3/3, 4/4, 5/5, and 6/6 inspiratory and expiratory heart beats, respectively, per respiratory cycle. Comparing the younger and older groups, we found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HRC for beat 1, 2, and 4 of the respiratory cycle in the supine position, and also for beat 2 in the sitting position, but no significant change with tidal volume. The ratio of the younger to older groups beat 2 HRC was 2.54 sitting and 3.54 supine. Increasing the number of beats per respiratory cycle from four to 12 resulted in the HRC growing from 1.8 to 7.5 beats over the respiratory cycle, showing the importance of respiratory rate in measuring HRC. VCRS can easily observe the influence of each phase of the respiratory cycle on the HRC and show the unique phase dependent changes that occur.

Voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization: heart rate variability as a function of age, tidal volume and body position

A technique of voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization (VCRS), where the respiration rate is synchronized at a sub-multiple of the heart rate (1:5), was used to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) in 14 subjects as a function of age, body position, and respiratory tidal volumes of 500 ml and 1000 ml. Following a tone, the subjects inspired for two heart beats and expired for three beats. Subjects were grouped according to age into two groups (20 to 30 and 46 to 57). The results showed no statistically significant change with tidal volume but a significant decrease in HRV with age. Changing from sitting to supine showed a slight increase in HRV for the younger group whereas the older group showed a decrease. Because a constant phase relationship between respiration and the heart beats is maintained, VCRS is an easy to use method to measure the influence of each phase of the respiratory cycle on the HR and blood pressure due to the mechanical action of respiration.

Plötzlicher Visusverlust nach kosmetischer Gesichtsbehandlung

Eine 46-jährige Patientin aus Shanghai stellte sich notfallmäßig in unserer Privatambulanz vor. Vorausgegangen war eine kosmetische Fillerbehandlung eine Woche zuvor am Nasenrücken mit einem uns unbekannten Hyaluronsäureprodukt.DiePatientinberichtete,dass sie direkt danach einen linksseitigen plötzlichen Visusverlust mit einhergehenden starken periorbitalen Schmerzen erlitten habe. Die Sehschärfe sei seitdem nicht wieder angestiegen, hingegen seien die periorbitalen Hautveränderungen und die Schmerzen in der Periorbitalregion leicht rückläufig. Anamnestisch wurde beidseitig eine myope LASIK-Behandlung (Ausgangswert: ca. –4,25 dpt.) vor ca. 2 Jahren in China durchgeführt. Die Patientin hatte bereits eine kosmetische Nasenoperation vor mehreren Jahren, ebenfalls in China. Hierbei sei die „Nase begradigt und am Nasenrücken aufgesteilt“ worden. Die jetzige Operation mit Fillern erfolgte, um die sich nach Jahren „eingestellte Delle am Nasenrücken“ zu behandeln.DieFragennachOperationen an Augen, Orbita oder Adnexen sowie vorangegangenen Augenentzündungen, Traumata und Schielen in der Kindheit wurden verneint. Die Patientin hätte früher mit beiden Augen gut gesehen.