Daniel Zelterman

Prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and of persistent stapedial artery in the human middle ear: a report of 1000 temporal bones.

A total of 1000 temporal bones were used to study the prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and of persistent stapedial artery in detail. Of the temporal bones studied, 560 (56%) contained at least one facial canal dehiscence. There was a 76.3% prevalence of bilaterality of this canal wall gap. The most common site of dehiscence was the oval window area. The concept of microdehiscence of the facial canal is introduced. One third of the temporal bones observed had a microdehiscence of the facial canal, usually located at the oval window area (74.9%) and found bilaterally 40% of the time. The authors found a 0.48% prevalence (5 out of 1045) of persistent stapedial artery. This is the first histological study of temporal bones to report a prevalence of this vascular anomaly.

Inadequate Treatment of Depressed Nursing Home Elderly

To determine the prevalence of antidepressant drug treatment among nursing home elderly with major depression.

Symptomatic versus asymptomatic endolymphatic hydrops: A histopathologic comparison

One of the unanswered questions in Menieres disease research is the pathophysiology by which the classic symptoms are produced. A histopathological study was undertaken to identify the pathological features of symptomatic endolymphatic hydrops and their relationship to these symptoms. Two groups of temporal bones were examined, compared, and described. The first group was from patients with symptoms of Menieres disease (n = 29). Temporal bones in the second group were chosen for the presence of endolymphatic hydrops and the absence of otologic symptoms (n = 13). Significant differences were noted in the severity of hydrops, the frequency of membrane ruptures, the endolymphatic duct, and coexistent pathologic conditions. Ruptures were seen in 38% of temporal bones from symptomatic patients and in only 8% of temporal bones from patients with asymptomatic endolymphatic hydrops. Based on this study and a review of the literature, the authors believe that the symptoms and findings of Menieres disease are explained best on the basis of both chemical and physical mechanisms being operational intermittently and together.

On tests for qualitative interactions

Qualitative interactions are present when therapy is beneficial to some groups of subjects but toxic to other groups. This note discusses the invariance problem and describes the maximum attainable local power at the origin for unbiased tests. We numerically construct a test with these properties for the problem with two groups.

A Semiparametric Bootstrap Technique for Simulating Extreme Order Statistics

Abstract We propose a technique for simulating the joint distribution of the j largest order statistics of a very large sample. We assume that the parent population is in the domain of attraction of the Type 1 (Gumbel) extreme value distribution. The bootstrap variates are generated by resampling the normalized spacings of the k largest observed values in the original data where k is larger than j. We compare the bootstrap distribution to the fitted extremal distribution of Weissman. Both distributions have the same means, conditional on the k largest observed values in the data set. If k is large and the normalized spacings behave as independent and identically distributed exponential random variables then the bootstrap variates behave as though sampled from the extremal distribution. We propose several procedures for estimating k and give a numerical example.

Smooth nonparametric estimation of the quantile function

Abstract A smooth kernel estimator Rn(p) is proposed for nonparametric estimation of a population quantile ξp and its derivative ∂ξ p ∂p . When the sample size n is large, the weights that Rn assigns to each order statistic are equivalent to the weights of the Qp statistic of Harrell and Davis (1982) and the Kp statistic of Kaigh and Lachenbruch (1982). The statistic Rn is a member of the class of estimators studied by Yang (1985) and uses a normal kernel function with a bandwidth proportional to { p(1 − p) n } 1 2 . A cross-validation technique is proposed for estimation of the smoothing parameter of Rn. Simulations indicate that the cross-validated Rn has a smaller mean squared error than Qp weighted over all values of p.

Exact Tests of Significance in Higher Dimensional Tables

Abstract We describe methods used to provide an exact test of significance of the hypothesis that all factors are mutually independent of each other in 23 and 24 contingency tables. Several numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of exact tests over approximate significance levels. We give bounds on the number of tables needed to perform this exact significance test. In four or more dimensions the number of tables in this enumeration becomes astronomical with even modest sample sizes. Inverting the characteristic function of the exact distribution has proved useful in these situations.

Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model

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Topical CTC-96 accelerates wart growth in rabbits infected with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus

CTC-96, a cobalt containing complex, was tested as a putative topical therapeutic agent for the treatment of papillomavirus-induced tumors in our cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV)-rabbit model system. Following experimental infection of domestic rabbits with CRPV, CTC-96 was applied to infection sites twice daily, 5 days a week for a total of 8 weeks. Two levels of concentrations of aqueous CTC-96 were compared to placebo control-treated animals. With increasing dose of CTC-96 we observed tumors earlier, larger, and more often across eight infected sites on each animal.

Prevalence of microfissures in the human temporal bone : a report of 1000 temporal bones

A total of 1000 human temporal bones were studied to determine the prevalence of two microfissures: 1. the one between the facial canal and the vestibule, 2. the microfissure between the round window niche (RWN) and the posterior semicircular canal (PSC). Additionally, this study compares the prevalence according to temporal bone age and sex