Daniela M. Takiya

Co-cladogenesis spanning three phyla: leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and their dual bacterial symbionts

Endosymbioses are a major form of biological complexity affecting the ecological and evolutionary diversification of many eukaryotic groups. These associations are exemplified by nutritional symbioses of insects for which phylogenetic studies have demonstrated numerous cases of long‐term codiversification between a bacterial and a host lineage. Some insects, including most leafhoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), have more than one bacterial symbiont within specialized host cells, raising questions regarding the patterns of codiversification of these multiple partners and the evolutionary persistence of complex symbiotic systems. Previous studies reported the presence of two dominant symbiont types in a member of the leafhopper subfamily Cicadellinae (sharpshooters). In this study, 16S rRNA sequences were obtained and used to examine the occurrence and evolutionary relationships of the two dominant symbiont types across 29 leafhopper species. Candidatus Sulcia muelleri (Bacteroidetes) was detected in all leafhopper species examined, a finding that is consistent with a previous report of its ancient association with the Auchenorrhyncha (a grouping that includes leafhoppers, treehoppers, cicadas, planthoppers, and spittlebugs). Baumannia cicadellinicola (Proteobacteria), previously known from only five sharpshooter species, was found only in the sharpshooter tribes Cicadellini and Proconiini, as well as in the subfamily Phereurhininae. Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences were obtained and used to reconstruct host phylogenies. Analyses of host and symbiont data sets support a congruent evolutionary history between sharpshooters, Sulcia and Baumannia and thus provide the first strong evidence for long‐term co‐inheritance of multiple symbionts during the diversification of a eukaryotic host. Sulcia shows a fivefold lower rate of 16S rDNA sequence divergence than does Baumannia for the same host pairs. The term ‘coprimary’ symbiont is proposed for such cases.

Validity of Homalodisca and of H. vitripennis as the Name for Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)

Abstract A male of Tettigonia vitripennis Germar—deposited in the recently rediscovered Germar Hemiptera collection, in the Ivan Franko National University (Ukraine)—is designated as the lectotype and assumed to be erroneously labeled as from Brazil. Homalodisca vitripennis is considered a senior synonym of Tettigonia coagulata syn. nov. and therefore should be used as the scientific name for the glassy-winged sharpshooter, a major vector of the bacterial Pierce’s disease of grapes, phony peach disease, plum leaf scald, and oleander leaf scorch in southern United States and northern Mexico. The previously designated type species of Homalodisca Stål, Cicada triquetra F., was found to be mistaken by Stål for C. triangularis F., which is herein fixed as the new type species of this economically important genus. Propetes triquetra comb. nov., previously known only from an unknown locality in South America, is newly recorded from Brazil (Mato Grosso and Pará states).

Timeless standards for species delimitation

Recently a new species of bombyliid fly, Marleyimyia xylocopae, was described by Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) based on two photographs taken during fieldwork in the Republic of South Africa. This species has no preserved holotype. The paper generated some buzz, especially among dipterists, because in most cases photographs taken in the field provide insufficient information for properly diagnosing and documenting species of Diptera.

Two new South American species of Acrobelus Stål (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) with a key to the species of the genus

Two new leafhopper species of the Neotropical genus Acrobelus Stål, 1869 are described and illustrated: A. nessimiani sp. nov. from Peru (Amazonas Department) and A. rakitovi sp. nov. from Ecuador (Orellana Province). The two new species, distinguished from the other Acrobelus species by their remarkably long male subgenital plates and by the fusiform macrosetae present on these plates, seem to be closely related. A key to male specimens of the five known species of Acrobelus is provided. Taxonomic notes on the genus are included.

Two new species of Polana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) and redescription of Polana (Striapona) desela

Two new species of Polana DeLong, 1942 are described and illustrated, P. (Angusana) pilosa sp. nov. from Peru and P. (Declivella) maculosa sp. nov. from Brazil. Polana (Striapona) desela Delong, 1979 is redescribed; the female terminalia of this species are described and illustrated for the first time.

Living among dragons: A festschrift in honor of Dr. Angelo B. M. Machado on occasion of his 80th birthday (Title page)

ÂNGELO PARISE PINTO*, MARCELA L. MONNE, DENNIS R. PAULSON, DANIELA M. TAKIYA, ADOLFO R. CALOR, MARCELO DUARTE, FREDERICO F. SALLES & SILVIO S. NIHEI (EDS.) *Special Issue Editor. Laboratorio de Biologia e Sistematica de Odonata (LABIOSIS), Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/no, Sao Cristovao 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; odonata_angelo@hotmail.com

The Neotropical Leafhopper Genus Deltolidia Nielson (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae): Polymorphism and Taxonomic Notes

Intraspecific polymorphic features of color pattern, forewing venation, and male genitalia in the Neotropical genus Deltolidia Nielson are described and illustrated for the first time. Deltolidia magnifica Nielson, 1996 is synonymized with Deltolidia discolor (Stål, 1862). These were the only previously recognized species in the genus. The study is based on specimens from the Brazilian states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, including the types of D. discolor and D. magnifica. Structures of the female genitalia in Deltolidia are described and illustrated for the first time. A map showing the known distribution of the genus is also presented.