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Dive into the research topics where Daniela Tirsch is active.

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Featured researches published by Daniela Tirsch.


Journal of Geophysical Research | 2011

Dark aeolian sediments in Martian craters: Composition and sources

Daniela Tirsch; R. Jaumann; A. Pacifici; F. Poulet

Our research focuses on the mineralogical characteristics of dark sediment deposits in Martian craters (dunes, dune fields, and sand sheets) and their local sediment sources, carried out on the basis of 70 selected localities. Morphological analyses reveal dark layers exposed in a number of crater walls, showing indications of material transport from the layers downwall to the intracrater deposits. Additional sites show dark sediment emerging from several craters floors, suggesting a dark material source beneath the crater floor. Spectral analyses of OMEGA and CRISM data showed for the first time that a direct mineralogical connection exists between the dark layers in the crater walls and the intracrater dune and sand sheet material. Based on these findings, it is shown that these layers are the local sources for the dark aeolian sediment inside the craters. Spectral analyses further indicate that all deposits are nearly of the same mafic mineralogical composition, hinting at a similar origin. We conclude that the mineralogical composition points to a volcanic origin of the material. The dark layers which we infer to be the material sources might represent layers of volcanic ash, almost globally deposited in Early Noachian times and subsequently covered by regolith. Groundwater, impact erosion, and crustal movement led to the highly fragmented situation of the dark layers today. However, burial protected the layers of dark sediment from chemical alteration caused by surficial fluvial processes. Impact erosion after the wet periods on Mars led to the exposure and mobilization of the material today.


Science | 2015

The structure of the regolith on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from ROLIS descent imaging

S. Mottola; Gabriele Arnold; H.-G. Grothues; R. Jaumann; Harald Michaelis; Gerhard Neukum; J.-P. Bibring; Susanne Schröder; M. Hamm; Katharina A. Otto; Ivanka Pelivan; G. Proffe; Frank Scholten; Daniela Tirsch; M. A. Kreslavsky; E. Remetean; F. Souvannavong; B. Dolives

The structure of the upper layer of a comet is a product of its surface activity. The Rosetta Lander Imaging System (ROLIS) on board Philae acquired close-range images of the Agilkia site during its descent onto comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. These images reveal a photometrically uniform surface covered by regolith composed of debris and blocks ranging in size from centimeters to 5 meters. At the highest resolution of 1 centimeter per pixel, the surface appears granular, with no apparent deposits of unresolved sand-sized particles. The thickness of the regolith varies across the imaged field from 0 to 1 to 2 meters. The presence of aeolian-like features resembling wind tails hints at regolith mobilization and erosion processes. Modeling suggests that abrasion driven by airfall-induced particle “splashing” is responsible for the observed formations.


Astrobiology | 2017

The PanCam instrument for the ExoMars Rover

A. J. Coates; R. Jaumann; Andrew D. Griffiths; Craig Leff; N. Schmitz; Jean-Luc Josset; Gerhard Paar; Matthew Gunn; Ernst Hauber; Claire R. Cousins; Rachel Elizabeth Cross; Peter Grindrod; John C. Bridges; Matthew R. Balme; Sanjeev Gupta; Ian A. Crawford; Patrick G. J. Irwin; Roger Stabbins; Daniela Tirsch; Jorge L. Vago; M.~P. Caballo-Perucha; Gordon R. Osinski

Abstract The scientific objectives of the ExoMars rover are designed to answer several key questions in the search for life on Mars. In particular, the unique subsurface drill will address some of these, such as the possible existence and stability of subsurface organics. PanCam will establish the surface geological and morphological context for the mission, working in collaboration with other context instruments. Here, we describe the PanCam scientific objectives in geology, atmospheric science, and 3-D vision. We discuss the design of PanCam, which includes a stereo pair of Wide Angle Cameras (WACs), each of which has an 11-position filter wheel and a High Resolution Camera (HRC) for high-resolution investigations of rock texture at a distance. The cameras and electronics are housed in an optical bench that provides the mechanical interface to the rover mast and a planetary protection barrier. The electronic interface is via the PanCam Interface Unit (PIU), and power conditioning is via a DC-DC converter. PanCam also includes a calibration target mounted on the rover deck for radiometric calibration, fiducial markers for geometric calibration, and a rover inspection mirror. Key Words: Mars—ExoMars—Instrumentation—Geology—Atmosphere—Exobiology—Context. Astrobiology 17, 511–541.


Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A | 2014

Mineralogical analyses of surface sediments in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: coordinated analyses of Raman spectra, reflectance spectra and elemental abundances

Janice L. Bishop; P. A. J. Englert; Shital Patel; Daniela Tirsch; Alex J. Roy; Christian Koeberl; Ute Böttger; Franziska Hanke; R. Jaumann

Surface sediments at Lakes Fryxell, Vanda and Brownworth in the Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADV) were investigated as analogues for the cold, dry environment on Mars. Sediments were sampled from regions surrounding the lakes and from the ice cover on top of the lakes. The ADV sediments were studied using Raman spectra of individual grains and reflectance spectra of bulk particulate samples and compared with previous analyses of subsurface and lakebottom sediments. Elemental abundances were coordinated with the spectral data in order to assess trends in sediment alteration. The surface sediments in this study were compared with lakebottom sediments (Bishop JL et al. 2003 Int. J. Astrobiol. 2, 273–287 (doi:10.1017/S1473550403001654)) and samples from soil pits (Englert P et al. 2013 In European Planetary Science Congress, abstract no. 96; Englert P et al. 2014 In 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conf., abstract no. 1707). Feldspar, quartz and pyroxene are common minerals found in all the sediments. Minor abundances of carbonate, chlorite, actinolite and allophane are also found in the surface sediments, and are similar to minerals found in greater abundance in the lakebottom sediments. Surface sediment formation is dominated by physical processes; a few centimetres below the surface chemical alteration sets in, whereas lakebottom sediments experience biomineralization. Characterizing the mineralogical variations in these samples provides insights into the alteration processes occurring in the ADV and supports understanding alteration in the cold and dry environment on Mars.


Archive | 2018

Erde und Mond

R. Jaumann; Ulrich Köhler; Frank Sohl; Daniela Tirsch; Susanne Pieth

Wenn man die Erde vom All aus betrachtet und ihre unverwechselbare blaue Farbung, die dynamischen Wolkenformationen und diese zarte Lufthulle sieht, bekommt man eine vage Ahnung davon, wie einzigartig, verletzlich und wertvoll unser Heimatplanet doch ist. Kein anderer der inneren terrestrischen Planeten ist so reich an Wasser, dass auf der Erde das schier kostbarste im Universum ermoglicht hat – das Leben. Was genau die Erde so einzigartig macht, werden wir in diesem Kapitel beleuchten.


Archive | 2018

Jenseits der Neptunbahn

R. Jaumann; Ulrich Köhler; Frank Sohl; Daniela Tirsch; Susanne Pieth

Noch viele Jahrzehnte nach seiner Entdeckung im Jahr 1930 galt Pluto mit einer mittleren Entfernung von 39,4 AE zur Sonne als der auserste Planet des Sonnensystems. Heute gilt Pluto nur als das zuerst entdeckte Mitglied einer neuen Klasse von eisigen Objekten, die sich bevorzugt in den auseren Regionen des Sonnensystems aufhalten. Spatestens seit dem Jahr 1992 wissen wir, dass es dort auser Pluto noch viele weitere Himmelskorper mit Durchmessern von 100 bis uber 1000 Kilometern und Umlaufbahnen jenseits der Neptunbahn gibt. Dort sind auch die Kometen angesiedelt. In ihnen ist die alteste und ursprunglichste Materie des Sonnensystems gespeichert. Bis in eine Entfernung von zwei Lichtjahren von der Sonne entfernt werden Billionen von Kometen vermutet. Immer wieder dringen einzelne von ihnen ins innere Sonnensystem vor und bescheren uns mit ihrem Schweif dann spektakulare Naturereignisse.


Archive | 2018

Uranus und Neptun

R. Jaumann; Ulrich Köhler; Frank Sohl; Daniela Tirsch; Susanne Pieth

Die spektakularen Vorbeifluge der Raumsonde Voyager 2 an Uranus im Januar 1986 und Neptun im August 1989 revolutionierten damalige Vorstellungen von der Beschaffenheit der Planeten des auseren Sonnensystems, denn es zeigte sich, dass deren innere Struktur und chemische Zusammensetzung sich deutlich von der der beiden „Gasriesen“ Jupiter und Saturn unterschied. Jupiter, der ahnlich unserer Sonne vor allem aus Wasserstoff und Helium besteht, hat beispielsweise nur einen verhaltnismasig kleinen Eis- und Gesteinsanteil von etwa vier bis zwolf Prozent seiner Gesamtmasse. Demgegenuber entfallen bei Uranus und Neptun bis zu 85 Prozent der Gesamtmasse allein auf den Kern, der vorwiegend aus Wasser-, Methan- und Ammoniakeis besteht und der aufgrund des hohen Drucks ein flussiges Materialverhalten zeigt. Wasserstoff und Helium sammeln sich eher in den auseren dunnen Atmospharenhullen von Uranus und Neptun an. Nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund der Entdeckung zahlreicher ahnlich groser und massereicher Planeten um andere Sterne in unserer kosmischen Umgebung ist das Interesse an Uranus und Neptun erneut geweckt worden.


Archive | 2018

Merkur und Venus

R. Jaumann; Ulrich Köhler; Frank Sohl; Daniela Tirsch; Susanne Pieth

Die beiden Planeten, die innerhalb der Erdbahn die Sonne umkreisen, konnten unterschiedlicher kaum sein. Der Merkur ist der kleinste Planet des Sonnensystems, er hat keine Atmosphare und zeigt zwischen seiner Tag- und Nachtseite die extremsten Temperaturunterschiede. Seine Oberflache ist von Kratern bedeckt, die von den Einschlagen von Asteroiden und Kometen uber einen Zeitraum von mehr als vier Milliarden Jahren herruhren. Damit hat er Ahnlichkeit mit dem Mond der Erde, doch von diesem unterscheidet er sich vor allem durch seinen grosen Kern aus Eisen.


Journal of Geophysical Research | 2013

Mineralogy and morphology of geologic units at Libya Montes, Mars: Ancient aqueously derived outcrops, mafic flows, fluvial features, and impacts

Janice L. Bishop; Daniela Tirsch; Livio L. Tornabene; R. Jaumann; Alfred S. McEwen; Patrick C. McGuire; Anouck Ody; F. Poulet; Roger N. Clark; Mario Parente; Nancy K. McKeown; John F. Mustard; Scott L. Murchie; Joana Voigt; Zeynep Aydin; Marlene Bamberg; A. Petau; Gregory Michael; F. P. Seelos; C. D. Hash; Gregg A. Swayze; Gerhard Neukum


Earth and Planetary Science Letters | 2010

The Western Libya Montes Valley System on Mars: Evidence for episodic and multi-genetic erosion events during the Martian history

R. Jaumann; Andrea Nass; Daniela Tirsch; Dennis Reiss; G. Neukum

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R. Jaumann

German Aerospace Center

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Ernst Hauber

German Aerospace Center

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Dennis Reiss

German Aerospace Center

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G. Erkeling

University of Münster

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Livio L. Tornabene

University of Western Ontario

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Gerhard Neukum

California Institute of Technology

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