Danielle Mantovani

VIESES NA SATISFAÇÃO: O EFEITO MODERADOR DA DIFICULDADE E DA OBRIGAÇÃO SOBRE RECORDAÇÕES POSITIVAS E NEGATIVAS

Based on the theoretical assumption that individuals can distort information and opinions in their memories recovery process, this article proposes that satisfaction evaluations are influenced by such distortions. In two experiments individuals were requested to remind and to report facts about service providers companies, demonstrating that it is possible to positively influence (vs. negative) satisfaction evaluations by asking only positive facts (vs. negative). However, the influence of positive or negative valence does not act isolated, but depends on two other factors together, the difficulty and the obligation perceived. In volitional acts (with intention, not forced) individuals who had to recall positive events (vs. negative) of their business relationships evaluated themselves as more (vs. less) satisfied, but only when the perceived difficulty was higher, indicating more deliberation on the events. However, when forced to remember and disseminate information, the different valences influence only occurred when the task was perceived as easier. Therefore, this study contributes to relationship marketing theories by investigating the influence on an important factor, satisfaction evaluation and, contributes to information processing and decision theories by demonstrating that bias of evaluations depends not only of the perceived difficulty, but also of the perceived obligation on the task.Based on the theoretical assumption that individuals can distort information and opinions in their memories recovery process, this article proposes that satisfaction evaluations are influenced by such distortions. In two experiments individuals were requested to remind and to report facts about service providers companies, demonstrating that it is possible to positively influence (vs. negative) satisfaction evaluations by asking only positive facts (vs. negative). However, the influence of positive or negative valence does not act isolated, but depends on two other factors together, the difficulty and the obligation perceived. In volitional acts (with intention, not forced) individuals who had to recall positive events (vs. negative) of their business relationships evaluated themselves as more (vs. less) satisfied, but only when the perceived difficulty was higher, indicating more deliberation on the events. However, when forced to remember and disseminate information, the different valences influence only occurred when the task was perceived as easier. Therefore, this study contributes to relationship marketing theories by investigating the influence on an important factor, satisfaction evaluation and, contributes to information processing and decision theories by demonstrating that bias of evaluations depends not only of the perceived difficulty, but also of the perceived obligation on the task.

Brand’s CSR Influence on Consumers’ Prosocial Behavior in Unrelated Domains

This study proposes that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity may positively influence consumers’ prosocial behavior. However, this effect is moderated by the consumer-brand social distance. In two experiments, we show that consumers close to the brand become more prosocial in situations unrelated to the cause supported by the company when they are exposed to the brand’s prosocial communication, compared to those who are distant from the brand. This paper contributes to furthering CSR theory by showing the positive effects of brand CSR initiatives on secondary social outcomes, such as consumers’ volunteering and donating money to a social cause not closely related to the one promoted by the company. Besides, t his paper also contributes theoretically by showing the moderation role played by consumer-brand social distance. Important implications for the role of CSR are useful for companies and society in general, since the paper demonstrates that brand’s prosocial behavior can influence consumers’ prosocial behavior beyond the brand context only.

Effects of brand transgressions on third-party consumers

Purpose Brand transgressions, characterized by service failure, are a frequent theme for marketing scholars. Their impact on satisfaction, trust and brand loyalty is of high interest. However, in assessing the influence of those events on third-party consumers, the literature is still lacking. The purpose of this paper is to explore how social distance explains the reactions of close and distant third-party consumers toward other consumers during a brand transgression event. Anger is analyzed as a driver of this process. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted. Both studies presented a 3 (social distance: victim vs close third party vs distant third party) by 2 (severity: low vs high) between-subjects design. Respondents were asked to read a transgression scenario in a mobile phone service (study 1) and in a restaurant (study 2) and then completed scales that measured their affective reactions and evaluations of the relationship – satisfaction, trust, and loyalty intention – with the transgressing brand. Findings The results showed that transgression severity intensifies the effect of the brand transgression on consumer’s anger. Victims and close third parties demonstrated higher levels of anger compared to distant third-party consumers. In the case of severe transgressions, an experience of anger contagion between victims and close third-party consumers was responsible for the negative effect on the relationship evaluation of the transgressing brand compared to distant third-party consumers. Originality/value This study extends previous research about how social distance influences consumer-brand relationships and demonstrates the mediating role played by affective anger contagion.

Green consumption: a network analysis in marketing

Considerable research has been performed to understand green consumption behavior. Given the emergence of this discussion, the purpose of this paper is to apply network analytical techniques to identify the main theoretical relationships regarding green consumption in the most relevant journals between 2000 and 2016.,This paper applies a fit-for-purpose systematic review using network analysis, which includes a screening of 4,049 articles published in 39 journals in the business and marketing subjects, ranked by the Q1 extract of SCImago Journal & Country Rank, accessed between March and July 2017. From 2000 to 2016, 216 articles were selected in 24 journals. The explored variables formed 21 categories.,Five network groups emerged according to the background theories used by green consumption studies: “Consumers’ and companies’ characteristics and actions,” “Consumer intentions, perceptions and their cognitive mechanisms,” “Environmental concern effects,” “Attitudes toward green expertise” and “Behavioral control”. The findings showed what variables have a central relevance to the network, being essential to explain green consumption phenomenon, exploring relations and pointing out gaps for future studies.,Based on the strongest connections between the network groups, practical implications are offered for marketers interested in developing actions promoting green consumption.,This paper identifies the main categories related to green consumption in a network analysis, showing its antecedents and consequents grouped in five clusters. These results indicate that there are relationships still awaiting further investigation.

The impact of goal (non)attainment on consumer preference through changes in regulatory focus

Previous research has investigated how performance outcome impacts effort and subsequent goal pursuit. However, little is known about the incidental impact of goal (non)attainment on consumer preference via changes in regulatory focus. This paper aims to suggest that performance feedback has a direct impact on consumers’ regulatory focus, which in turn influences their attitudes and preferences toward future events. Additionally, the authors assess the extent to which emotions arising out of goal (non)attainment play a critical role in the process.,In a series of three experiments, this paper demonstrates that goal (non)attainment induces a specific regulatory focus, which in turn interacts with the frame of an upcoming advertisement to impact consumer preference.,This research demonstrates that previous goal (non)attainment interacts with the framing of an upcoming message (promotion vs prevention) and impacts consumer preference. The authors also find initial evidence for the role of emotions on the relationship between goal (non) attainment and preferences for regulatory-focused message frames.,The findings have important implications because they reveal consumers’ preferences after goal (non)attainment.,This study complements prior research by integrating two research streams (goal pursuit and regulatory focus) to address an open question of whether/how goal (non)attainment impacts message persuasiveness and consumer preference through changes in regulatory focus. Therefore, this research is intended to contribute to the literature by addressing the interacting effects of goal attainment and regulatory focus on consumer decisions and the role of emotions in this process.

Arte visual y mensaje de ajuste regulatorio en evaluaciones de consumidores

In this study, we demonstrate that the art infusion effect, in which the presence of visual art causes a positive impact on consumers’ perceptions of products and advertising messages, might have a moderation effect on regulatory fit and non-fit messages. We investigate the impact of visual art on advertisement evaluations in regulatory (non-) fit conditions. Regulatory focus theory suggests that consumers rely on their motivational focus (prevention vs. promotion) for their evaluations and decisions. Usually, consumers prefer products that fit with their personal motivational focus. In the present study, the results of three experiments indicate that using visual art with a promotion or prevention fit message is recommended, while non-art images increase message persuasiveness when non-fit messages are presented. Therefore, not all information compatible with the consumer’s motivational focus are best evaluated. When non-art images are presented, non-fit messages might be more persuasive.

VISUAL ART AND REGULATORY FIT MESSAGES ON CONSUMER EVALUATIONS

In this study, we demonstrate that the art infusion effect, in which the presence of visual art causes a positive impact on consumers’ perceptions of products and advertising messages, might have a moderation effect on regulatory fit and non-fit messages. We investigate the impact of visual art on advertisement evaluations in regulatory (non-) fit conditions. Regulatory focus theory suggests that consumers rely on their motivational focus (prevention vs. promotion) for their evaluations and decisions. Usually, consumers prefer products that fit with their personal motivational focus. In the present study, the results of three experiments indicate that using visual art with a promotion or prevention fit message is recommended, while non-art images increase message persuasiveness when non-fit messages are presented. Therefore, not all information compatible with the consumer’s motivational focus are best evaluated. When non-art images are presented, non-fit messages might be more persuasive.

Arte visual e foco regulatório na avaliação dos consumidores

In this study, we demonstrate that the art infusion effect, in which the presence of visual art causes a positive impact on consumers’ perceptions of products and advertising messages, might have a moderation effect on regulatory fit and non-fit messages. We investigate the impact of visual art on advertisement evaluations in regulatory (non-) fit conditions. Regulatory focus theory suggests that consumers rely on their motivational focus (prevention vs. promotion) for their evaluations and decisions. Usually, consumers prefer products that fit with their personal motivational focus. In the present study, the results of three experiments indicate that using visual art with a promotion or prevention fit message is recommended, while non-art images increase message persuasiveness when non-fit messages are presented. Therefore, not all information compatible with the consumer’s motivational focus are best evaluated. When non-art images are presented, non-fit messages might be more persuasive.

Impacto da distância social nas transgressões entre empresas e consumidores

This study seeks to contribute with the theories of transgression in relationships and social influence, by considering not only the dyadic relationship (consumer-company) but also other consumers that become aware of the transgression of the company. Such consumers are herein called third parties. The authors propose that the social distance between the third party and the victim of the transgression may influence the evaluation of the relationship between the company and the third party, even if the third party has not suffered the transgression. Two experiments were conducted, both with three conditions of social distance in the perspective of consumer transgression (victim vs. third party near the victim vs. third party distant from the victim). The results indicate that the impact of a transgression on the evaluation of the relationship is the same for the victim and for the near third party, but it is significantly smaller for the distant third party. It was found that this direct relation is mediated by the irritation emotion.

SESGOS DE SATISFACCIÓN: EL EFECTO MODERADOR DE DIFICULTAD Y OBLIGACIÓN DE RECUERDOS POSITIVOS Y NEGATIVOS

Based on the theoretical assumption that individuals can distort information and opinions in their memories recovery process, this article proposes that satisfaction evaluations are influenced by such distortions. In two experiments individuals were requested to remind and to report facts about service providers companies, demonstrating that it is possible to positively influence (vs. negative) satisfaction evaluations by asking only positive facts (vs. negative). However, the influence of positive or negative valence does not act isolated, but depends on two other factors together, the difficulty and the obligation perceived. In volitional acts (with intention, not forced) individuals who had to recall positive events (vs. negative) of their business relationships evaluated themselves as more (vs. less) satisfied, but only when the perceived difficulty was higher, indicating more deliberation on the events. However, when forced to remember and disseminate information, the different valences influence only occurred when the task was perceived as easier. Therefore, this study contributes to relationship marketing theories by investigating the influence on an important factor, satisfaction evaluation and, contributes to information processing and decision theories by demonstrating that bias of evaluations depends not only of the perceived difficulty, but also of the perceived obligation on the task.Based on the theoretical assumption that individuals can distort information and opinions in their memories recovery process, this article proposes that satisfaction evaluations are influenced by such distortions. In two experiments individuals were requested to remind and to report facts about service providers companies, demonstrating that it is possible to positively influence (vs. negative) satisfaction evaluations by asking only positive facts (vs. negative). However, the influence of positive or negative valence does not act isolated, but depends on two other factors together, the difficulty and the obligation perceived. In volitional acts (with intention, not forced) individuals who had to recall positive events (vs. negative) of their business relationships evaluated themselves as more (vs. less) satisfied, but only when the perceived difficulty was higher, indicating more deliberation on the events. However, when forced to remember and disseminate information, the different valences influence only occurred when the task was perceived as easier. Therefore, this study contributes to relationship marketing theories by investigating the influence on an important factor, satisfaction evaluation and, contributes to information processing and decision theories by demonstrating that bias of evaluations depends not only of the perceived difficulty, but also of the perceived obligation on the task.