Danilo Nikolic

Advances in Applications of Industrial Biomaterials

Environmentally responsible behaviour should be promoted in all spheres of life. This issue applies to the automotive industry as much as it does elsewhere. This is one of the most important reasons for the expansion of the use of biomaterials in car manufacturing. They have numerous advantages in terms of eco-friendly production technologies, reduction in the exploitation of fossil resources and waste minimization due to their features of biodegradability and recyclability. The paper shows an overview of the basic definitions of and methods for obtaining certain biomaterials. Here, the emphasis is placed on bio-based plastics, rubber and composites, because of their overwhelming presence in newly oriented industries. Due to the various applications and characteristics of bio-plastics, an overview of the tensile strength of each variation is given, with an emphasis that similar tests were conducted for all of them. Furthermore, knowing that the mechanical, chemical, thermal and other characteristics of biomaterials are all considered to be satisfactory, there has been a reasonable attempt to use them instead of conventional materials whenever possible. Consequently, the work contains an overview of the application of biomaterials in making different parts in the automotive industry and descriptions of their incorporation into branded vehicles, as a tool for increasing human consciousness of the fact that making a profit and preserving nature can result from the same activity. The paper also involves analysis of the conditions that biomaterials have to satisfy in order to expand their usage in the production of parts for the automotive industry.

Influence of Biodiesel Blends on Characteristics of Gaseous Emissions from Two Stroke, Low Speed Marine Diesel Engines

As a renewable source of energy, biofuels have a favourable impact on the environment and can replace fossil fuels to some extent. Biodiesel is one option for reducing the emission of pollutants and GHG in the shipping sector. By 2030, Lloyd Register predicts a global demand for about 100 million tons of biofuel in shipping, mostly biodiesel. This study investigates the influence of biodiesel blends on the characteristics of gaseous emissions from a two-stroke, low speed marine diesel engine. For this research, a reversible low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine was used, without any after-treatment devices installed or engine control technology for reducing pollutant emission. Tests were carried out on three regimes of engine speed, 150, 180 and 210 rpm under heavy propeller condition, while the ship was berthed in the harbour. The engine was fuelled with low sulfur diesel fuel and blends containing 7 and 25% v/v of three types of second-generation biodiesel made from cast-off sunflower and palm oil waste from frying. For biodiesel production, a base-catalyzed transesterification was implemented. Biodiesel blends show better emission performance in regard to NOx, SO2, CO, and CO2 than pure low sulfur diesel fuel.

Estimation of Air Pollution from Ships in the Boka Kotorska Bay

The Boka Kotorska Bay, with the Port of Kotor, has become one of the most attractive cruising destinations at the Adriatic Sea. It shows not only great potential in terms of economy, but also great danger if environmental issues are taken into consideration. Emission from cruise ships represents majority of anthropogenic emissions of pollutants in this area, since there are no merchant ports and industrial plants in the bay.