Danny Guzmán

Mechanical alloying and subsequent heat treatment of Ag−Zn powders

Abstract Microstructural evolution during mechanical alloying of Ag and Zn, and subsequent heat treatments were investigated. The mechanical alloying was carried out in a SPEX 8000D miller. The microstructural characterization was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that at the early stages of milling was possible to detect the ɛ, β, β′, α solid solutions and remaining Zn. Later, the ɛ, β, β′ and Zn phases disappeared while the Zn concentration of the α solid solution was strongly increased. After 7.2 ks of milling, the mechanical alloying process reached a steady state. During this period, both the composition and crystallite size of the α solid solution remained practically unchanged. On the other hand, subsequent heat treatments of milled powders showed that the α solid solution could also be obtained by the combination of mechanical alloying and heat treatment. Finally, the evolution of the microstructure during milling and annealing was combined to propose an optimal processing route in order to obtain a α solid solution.

Synthesis and characterization of Ti–Ta–Nb–Mn foams

The unprecedented increase in human life expectancy have produced profound changes in the prevailing patterns of disease, like the observed increased in degenerative disc diseases, which cause degradation of the bones. Ti-Nb-Ta alloys are promising materials to replace the damaged bone due to their excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. In general metallic foams are widely used for medical application due to their lower elastic moduli compare to bulk materials. In this work we studied the synthesis of 34Nb-29Ta-xMn (x: 2, 4 and 6 wt.% Mn) alloy foams (50% v/v) using ammonium hydrogen carbonate as a space holder. Alloys were produced through mechanical alloying in a planetary mill for 50h. Green compacts were obtained by applying 430 MPa pressure. To remove the space holder from the matrix the green compacts were heated to 180 °C for 1.5h and after sintered at 1300 °C for 3h. Foams were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The elastic modulus of the foam was measured as ~30 GPa, and the values are almost equal to the values predicted using various theoretical models.

Análisis de perfiles de difracción de rayos X de una aleación Cu-8% en peso de Cr obtenida por medio de aleado mecánico

This work studies the evolution of the microstrucutre of a mechanically alloyed Cu-8 wt. % Cr powder mixture by X-Ray profiles analysis. The process was carried out using a SPEX8000D upon mix with stainless steels containers and balls, keeping a constant powder to balls weight ratio of 10. Increasing the milling time, crystallite size and stacking fault energy decreased and microstrain and stacking fault probability increased. The crystallite size distribution shifts to lower crystallite size values by increasing the milling time. After a milling time of 50 hours, the data showed that a solid solution of chromium in copper was produced.

Estudio de los cambios microestructurales del Ni al ser sometido a molienda de alta energía

Research by this working groups takes as a principal aim the study and manufacture of bulk metal glass based copper (Cu-Ni-Zr) by mechanical alloying. First, the characterization of the milled pure copper, Cu-Ni and Cu-Zr binary alloys and Cu-Ni-Zr ternary alloys in the same conditions of high energy millings. In this work, the microstructural change of Nickel to be subjected to high energy milling is presented. For this purpose a SPEX 8000D mill with the following conditions of milling: argon, stearic acid, BPR = 10:1, with milling time from 1 to 60 hours, 1 h of effective milling followed by a rest period of 0,5 h. Subsequent to the milling samples were analyzed by ray-X diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy, obtaining the crystallite size, lattice parameters and Fe contamination. The results show that nickel when subjected to mechanical milling reaches a crystallite size of about 10 nm which is asymptotic from 5 h; the lattice parameter increases with increasing milling time, possibly due to increased interfacial component together with the incorporation of Fe, due to the high percentage contamination at 60 h.

Fabricación de vidrios metálicos base cobre: evolución de las fases durante el procesode aleación mecánica

In this study, different, copper-based materials were fabricated under equal milling conditions (SPEX 8000D, argon atmosphere, stearic acid, BPR=10:1) and variable amounts of time, from 1 to 120 hours, in order to compare the microstructural changes during the process. The materials were: Pure copper; Cu-Ni alloys; Cu-Zr alloys; and Cu-Ni-Zr alloys. Subsequent to milling, the samples were measured with X-Ray Diffraction, Electron Transmission Microscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. According to the results, copper, upon being subjected to the process, reaches a crystallite size that tends towards an asymptote starting at 5 hours. In the Cu-Ni system, instead of observing a microstructural refinement during this same period, there was rather a total solubilization of the nickel into the copper (40-60 and50-50), and of the copper into the nickel (60-40). As for the Cu-Zr binary system, it was found that, for five hours as well, the system was practically amorphous (60-40 and 50-50), a condition also present in the Cu-Ni-Zr ternary alloys (60-10-30 and 50-10-40).