Daphne Philbert

“I just forget to take it”: asthma self-management needs and preferences in adolescents

Abstract Background: Medication adherence rates often decline as children become teenagers. Effective adherence-enhancing interventions for adolescents are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess adolescent asthmatics needs and preferences regarding medication counseling and support, with focus on new media. Methods: Three focus groups including 21 asthmatic adolescents recruited from both primary and secondary care were held to explore needs and preferences regarding asthma-self management. Questions concerned adherence behavior and needs and preferences in adherence support with focus on new media (mobile technology, social media, health games). Results: Forgetting was mentioned as major reason for not using medication as prescribed. Adolescents also mentioned lack of perceived need or beneficial effects. Parents mainly play a role in reminding to take medication and collecting refills. The suggested strategies to support self-management included smartphone applications with a reminder function and easy access to online information. Participants were positive about sharing of experiences with other teenagers. Conclusion: Forgetfulness is a major reason for non-adherence in adolescents. Furthermore, our results suggest use of peer support may be helpful in promoting good medication use. Future interventions should be aimed at providing practical reminders and should be modifiable to individual preferences.

The Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research: a network of community and hospital pharmacies in the Netherlands

Practice-based networks can serve as effective mechanisms for the development of the profession of pharmacists, on the one hand by supporting student internships and on the other hand by collection of research data and implementation of research outcomes among public health practice settings. This paper presents the characteristics and benefits of the Utrecht Pharmacy Practice network for Education and Research, a practice based research network affiliated with the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Utrecht University. Yearly, this network is used to realize approximately 600 student internships (in hospital and community pharmacies) and 20 research projects. To date, most research has been performed in community pharmacy and research questions frequently concerned prescribing behavior or adherence and subjects related to uptake of regulations in the pharmacy setting. Researchers gain access to different types of data from daily practice, pharmacists receive feedback on the functioning of their own pharmacy and students get in depth insight into pharmacy practice.

Adolescents' inhaled corticosteroid adherence: the importance of treatment perceptions and medication knowledge.

Abstract Background: Studies measuring inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence frequently report adherence rates below 50%. Although asthma is common in adolescents, few studies have explored determinants of ICS adherence in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine adherence and related factors in adolescent ICS users. Methods: Adolescent ICS users, aged 12–18 years, were randomly recruited from a sample of 94 community pharmacies belonging to the Utrecht Pharmacy Practice Network for Education and Research to complete an online questionnaire. The survey contained questions on asthma control, self-reported adherence, medication beliefs and medication knowledge. Data were collected between April and August 2013. Results: Complete questionnaire data were received from 182 adolescents of which 40% reported to be adherent. Approximately 40% of the participants perceived strong needs, whilst only 10% was highly concerned about adverse effects regarding their ICS use. Good adherence was significantly associated with asthma control (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.1). Necessity beliefs and sufficient medication knowledge were associated with better adherence (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that by improving knowledge about asthma treatments and stimulating positive perceptions towards medicines, especially regarding the necessity of medication use, better adherence rates might be achieved.

Problems experienced by older people when opening medicine packaging

Medicine packages can cause problems in daily practice, especially among older people. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of problems experienced by older people when opening medicine packaging and to investigate how patients manage these problems.

Problems with Medicine Packages: Experiences Reported to a Dutch Medicine Reporting System

Background: Practical issues such as ease of use and packaging appear to cause significant problems in daily use of medicines, but there are only few published studies about these aspects of medicine use. Objective: To assess the type of experiences related to practical aspects of medicine use reported to an Internet-based medicine reporting system (www.meklpuntmedicijnen.nl). Methods: All reports submitted from May 2004 to December 2007 to an Internet-based medicine reporting system in the Netherlands related to practical aspects of drug use were analyzed. The experiences were grouped Into the following categories: difficulty with opening the package, other difficulties with use, and problems with printed text on packages and the information leaflet. Results: Of the 5175 individuals who submitted a report, 530 submitted 611 reports on practical aspects of medicine use. More than half of the reports concerned difficulties with the opening of packages, mostly about opening blister packages (46.2%). One third of the reports were related to other problems with use, mainly package size (13.0%) and preference for different packaging (8.5%), About 1 in 10 reports was related to the printing and information on packages, mostly about unclear and confusing text print on the primary package (5.7%). In all, 25.2% of the reporters informed their prescribing physician of the problem and 38.2% informed the pharmacist or pharmacy staff. Conclusions: Some medicine users experience considerable difficulties with the packaging of their drugs; one of the major issues is opening a blister package. Packaging of pharmaceuticals needs more attention; issues need to be addressed by the pharmaceutical manufacturers, registration authorities, and, most immediately, community pharmacists.

Health literacy among pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands

Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, understand and apply information to make appropriate health decisions. Most health literacy research has been performed in the USA. Our objective was to study the prevalence of limited health literacy among adult pharmacy visitors in the Netherlands and to assess the association between health literacy and understanding of drug label information.

Patient-provider communication about medication use at the community pharmacy counter.

The objectives of this study were to, first, describe the information exchanged between pharmacy staff and patients about prescribed medication at the community pharmacy counter, and second, to investigate to what extent this met professional medication counselling guidelines.

Adherence to Oseltamivir Guidelines during Influenza Pandemic, the Netherlands

To the Editor: In the Netherlands, the outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 led to a 100-fold increase from 2008 in prescriptions for the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (1). The guidelines for prescribing oseltamivir during the 2009 pandemic were adapted throughout the year. After August 7, prescribers were advised to restrict prescriptions to patients with influenza symptoms plus 1 additional risk factor (2) (Table). Table Reported risk factors of patients with and without influenza symptoms who were dispensed a prescription for oseltamivir, the Netherlands, 2009–10 Community pharmacists dispensed oseltamivir as a 5-day course of sachets produced exclusively for the Dutch government program and documented all prescriptions. Our objective was to assess whether oseltamivir dispensed through community pharmacies was prescribed according to the national guideline for the pandemic virus and to investigate how patients used oseltamivir. The Institutional Review Board of the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology of Utrecht University approved the study. Pharmacists in 19 pharmacies belonging to the Utrecht Pharmacy Practice Network for Education and Research (UPPER) selected all patients who had filled a prescription for oseltamivir during May 1, 2009–February 8, 2010. These patients were contacted by phone and, after giving consent, completed a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about potential risk factors, the reason for receiving the oseltamivir prescription (influenza symptoms or other reasons), and whether the oseltamivir course was started and completed. Of the 630 patients eligible for contact, 361 (57.3%) completed the questionnaire. To assess whether the current guidelines were adhered to, because of the changes in policy throughout the year, we analyzed only the 300 respondents who had filled the oseltamivir prescription at the height of the pandemic, i.e., after August 7, 2009. A total of 156 (52.0%) participants were female patients; most participants were 18–59 years of age. Of the 212 patients >18 years of age, education level was available for 195; of these, 55 (28.2%) had a low education level, 94 (48.2%) a middle education level, and 46 (23.6%) a high education level. Of the 300 respondents, 111 (37.0%) received a prescription while they did not meet guideline criteria (Table). They had risk factors but did not experience influenza symptoms (67 [22.3%] of all respondents); had influenza symptoms but not risk factors (34 [11.3%]); or had neither influenza symptoms nor any risk factors (10 [3.3%]). Compared with respondents who had a low education level, respondents >18 years of age who had a middle or high education level were 2× more likely to receive an oseltamivir prescription that was not in accordance with guideline criteria (odds ratio 2.20; 95% CI 1.12–4.32). Sex and age were not associated with the likelihood of receiving off-guideline oseltamivir. Of the 189 respondents who received oseltamivir in accordance with guideline criteria, 184 (97.4%) started treatment and 167 (90.8%) completed the oseltamivir course. Of the 111 respondents who received a prescription for oseltamivir that was not in accordance with guideline criteria, 62 (55.9%) started treatment, and 56 (90.3%) completed the course. We showed that during the pandemic the guideline criteria were not met by nearly one third of patients who received an oseltamivir prescription. Patients with a higher education level more often received a prescription, suggesting that they are more informed or empowered than patients with a lower education level to request a prescription. Another explanation for the inadequate adherence to guideline criteria is that prescribers themselves were not immediately aware of the current criteria, possibly because of changes throughout the year. In addition, in nearly half of instances in which guideline criteria were not met but in which oseltamivir was prescribed, the patients did not start the oseltamivir course. These prescriptions could have been used for stockpiling, which also occurred during the influenza A (H5N1) outbreak in 2005 (3). In the Netherlands, stockpiling did not lead to drug shortages, but in countries where oseltamivir is not reimbursed by the government, stockpiling might lead to problems with availability for patients truly in need of antiviral therapy but without the necessary means to acquire it. The limited effect of oseltamivir on reducing disease duration, usually only shortening the duration by 1 day in healthy persons (4), the possibility of serious side effects (5), the possibility of the virus developing resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (6,7), and the cost to health care of unnecessary prescriptions are reasons to strive for better adherence to prescribing guidelines. Prescribers need to be properly informed about current guidelines to reduce overprescribing caused by lack of knowledge. Furthermore, improving communication between prescribers and patients might help relieve patients’ concerns and increase awareness about the limited benefits of oseltamivir treatment in healthy persons.

“These patients look lost” – Community pharmacy staff's identification and support of patients with limited health literacy

To date, routine use of health literacy assessment in clinical settings is limited. The objective of this study was to explore if community pharmacy staff can identify patients with limited health literacy, how they identify patients and how they support patients to improve medication use. In addition, perceived barriers in providing care for patients with limited health literacy were assessed.

Medication adherence in adolescents in current practice: community pharmacy staff's opinions

To explore pharmacy staffs perspectives regarding medication use behaviour in adolescent patients.