Daphne Spain

Racial inequalities in housing: An examiation of recent trends

Changes in racial differences in homeownership and objective indicators of housing quality are examined using 1960 Census data and 1977 Annual Housing Survey data. Blacks, net of differences in socioeconomic status, family composition, and regional-metropolitan location, remained less likely than whites to own homes and somewhat more likely to live in older, crowded and structurally inadequate units in 1977. In general, however, net effects for race were much smaller in 1977 than in 1960. Racial differences in homeownership and crowding were smaller among recent movers than among the total sample in 1977, suggesting continued but gradual improvement in housing conditions for blacks in the latter 1970s.

Been-Heres Versus Come-Heres Negotiating Conflicting Community Identities

Abstract This article explores the similar types of conflicts that arise in gentrifying neighborhoods and rural counties in the wake of rapid inmigration. As newcomers move into established communities — whether in downtowns or in the remote countryside — they generate a critical mass of people with greater access to resources than long-term residents. Privatization often accompanies this redistribution of resources, and the resulting conflict over resource allocation is clothed in the language of different values regarding the communitys identity. Planners are encouraged to recognize the importance of changing collective visions of community in their attempts to negotiate conflict.

Gendered spaces and women's status

In homes, schools, and workplaces, women and men are often separated in ways that sustain gender stratification by reducing womens access to socially valued knowledge. The fact that these spatial arrangements may be imperceptible increases their power to reproduce prevailing status differences. The A. uses cross-cultural and historical examples to illustrate that the more pronounced the degree of spatial gender segregation, the lower is womens status relative to mens. The advantage of such spatial perspective are its interdisciplinary foundations and its creation of avenues for changes.

NEIGHBORHOOD REVITALIZATION AND RACIAL CHANGE: THE CASE OF WASHINGTON, D.C.

Using 1970 and 1980 census block data for Washington, D.C., we test several hypotheses about the racial residential consequences of neighborhood revitalization. Areas located in the revitalizing core of the city have a) become whiter in both absolute and proportional terms, consistent with the displacement hypothesis, and b) experienced substantial though difficult to interpret shifts in segregation. The types of racial changes occurring in the core are not apparent elsewhere in Washington, and tract data for 1940–1980 show the core changes to be temporally as well as spatially specific. Because different racial residential trends have accompanied revitalization in other cities, we treat Washington as an exceptional case that helps specify the conditions under which conventional wisdom about neighborhood change is least applicable.

The Effect of Changing Household Composition on Neighborhood Satisfaction

The 1983 Annual Housing Survey is used to test the following hypotheses: (1) female householders will be less satisfied with their neighborhoods than other householders, (2) they will live in neighborhoods with more services, and (3) neighborhood conditions and services will affect satisfaction independent of household characteristics. Sex of the householder drops out as a significant predictor of neighborhood satisfaction when other household and neighborhood characteristics are controlled, whereas marital status remains significant. Actual conditions are more important than services or household characteristics in determining satisfaction. Given the greater dissatisfaction among the unmarried, and the growth of single householders, we may expect to see declines in overall neighborhood satisfaction.

International handbook of housing policies and practices

Foreword by William H. Michelson Introduction by Larry S. Bourne Cross-National Housing Research: Analytical and Substantive Issues by Willem van Vliet-- Western and Southern Europe Great Britain by Michael Harloe Federal Republic of Germany by Wolfgang Jaedicke and Hellmut Wollmann The Netherlands by Hugo Priemus Italy by Antonio Tosi Eastern Europe Soviet Union by Henry W. Morton Hungary by John A. A. Sillince Poland by Bronislaw Misztal North America Canada by J. David Hulchanski United States of America by Peter Marcuse Caribbean and Middle America Cuba by Jill Hamberg Mexico by Peter M. Ward South America Brazil by Suzanna Pasternak Taschner with Celine Sachs Colombia by Jose Ospina Middle East Egypt by Lata Chatterjee Israel by Naomi Carmon and Daniel Czamanski Africa Kenya by Kinuthia Macharia Ghana by Seth O. Asiama South Africa by Timothy Hart Asia Singapore by J. John Palen China by David K.Y. Chu and R. Yin-Wang Kwok Japan by Kazuo Hayakawa Pakistan by Jan van der Linden, Peter Nientied, and Syed Iqbal Kalim Oceania Australia by Terry Burke, Peter Newton, and Maryann Wulff Appendices Name Index Subject Index

What Happened to Gender Relations on the Way from Chicago to Los Angeles

From the Chicago human ecologists to the Los Angeles postmodernists, urban theorists have tried to understand how space is structured by technological, political, economic, and cultural forces; gender is seldom examined. Yet both women’s status and urban form underwent significant changes following World War II. As the home became less predictably the center of women’s lives, the monocentric city was evolving into the polycentric metropolis. This article suggests that gender relations also have spatial implications for the metropolis, and that urban theory would be more comprehensive if it incorporated historically parallel developments in the literature on gender and space.

The Effect of Residential Mobility and Household Composition on Housing Quality

Annual Housing Survey data are used to examine whether recent movers improve their housing quality through a local move and whether the process differs by household composition. Residential mobility tends to improve housing quality, while differences by sex of household are mediated through higher rates of involuntary mobility, lower incomes, and a higher likelihood of being black among female householders. Implications for future housing policy for different types of female householders are reviewed.

Sustainability, Feminist Visions, and the Utopian Tradition

This article examines the similarities between sustainable and feminist ideal communities as successors to the utopian tradition. Its purpose is to place feminism and sustainability in a historic context within the profession and to acknowledge the importance of utopian visions. Utopian, feminist, and sustainable visions of the future all include an emphasis on the noneconomic components of quality of life, the collectivization of domestic tasks, the influence of design on social structure, and an anti-urban/suburban bias. Most important, they all share the belief that it is possible to change cities by imagining a more equitable future.

Redemptive Places, Charitable Choice, and Welfare Reform

Abstract The faces of the two girls featured in Danuta Rothschilds image Womens Shelter express both despair and hope. Part of a series of works on urban homelessness, the painting depicts them seated on the steps of a shelter for battered women. Such “redemptive places” and the hope they offer to desperate lives are the subject of Daphne Spains Longer View. Spain recounts the inception of these places in the U.S. early in the last century and describes their latest incarnations in “Charitable Choice” initiatives. Danuta Rothschild emigrated from Poland in 1971 and works daily in her studio in Venice, California. The subject matter of her paintings has included the Holocaust, Native Americans, threats of chemical war in the Middle East, and the natural world. Her work can be viewed on her Web site at and she can be contacted at . A century ago, millions of Europeans, African Americans, and single women in search of work arrived in American cities. Religiously motivated volunteers met these newcomers with settlement houses, vocational schools, and boardinghouses that served as temporary respite from harsh urban conditions. Such “redemptive places” saved cities from demographic chaos by delivering social services to the poor well before the emergence of New Deal programs. Today, the federal government is actively promoting religious solutions to urban poverty. The “Charitable Choice” provision included in the 1996 welfare reform legislation makes faith-based organizations eligible to provide services to the poor. Redemptive places, therefore, are as important now as they were in the past. Planners can facilitate the creation of redemptive places by communicating the details of Charitable Choice to state and local agencies that outsource social services, identifying eligible properties, and reducing legal barriers to their existence.