Dariusz Kaczmarczyk

Polymorphism of the DNA repair genes RAD51 and XRCC2 in smoking- and drinking-related laryngeal cancer in a Polish population.

Introduction Cigarette smoke and alcohol can generate reactive oxygen species, which may induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most serious DNA lesion. In humans, DSBs are repaired mainly by non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair (HRR). Several polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene have been extensively studied in the association with various human cancers. In the present work we investigated the association between polymorphisms of two HRR genes, XRCC2 and RAD51, and tobacco- and alcohol-related larynx cancer in a Polish population. Material and methods Two polymorphisms of the XRCC2 gene, –41657C > T (rs718282) and 31479G > A (rs3218536), as well as one polymorphism of the RAD51 gene, –135G > C (rs1801320), were investigated by PCR-RFLP in 253 patients with larynx cancer and 253 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls. Results Analysis of the gene-smoking and -drinking interactions revealed a weak association between larynx cancer and the –41657C > T polymorphisms of the XRCC2 gene among the moderate alcohol drinkers. The C allele of the –135G > C polymorphism of RAD51 increased cancer risk in the smoker group. Increased risk was also found for heavy drinkers. Additionally, there were no significant differences between distributions of genotypes in subgroups assigned to different TNM stages and grades. Conclusions The results indicated that the –135G > C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene may be associated with smoking- and drinking-related larynx cancer in Poland.

Role of impaired DNA repair in genotoxic susceptibility of patients with head and neck cancer.

DNA repair is critical for genotoxic susceptibility and cancer development. Forty-seven patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and 38 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Among the patients, 16 subjects had metastasis of HNSCC. The extent of DNA damage, including oxidative lesions, and efficiency of repair after genotoxic treatment with hydrogen peroxide were examined using the alkaline comet assay. HNSCC cells were sensitive to genotoxic treatment and displayed impaired DNA repair. In particular, lesions caused by hydrogen peroxide were repaired less effectively in cancer cells from patients with metastasis than in cells from healthy controls. We suggest that impaired DNA repair might play a role in genotoxic susceptibility of patients with head and neck cancer. Finally, as a consequence of this finding we have shown that treatment with DNA-reactive drugs could be considered as an effective therapy strategy for head and neck cancer.

Comparative study of DNA damage and repair in head and neck cancer after radiation treatment.

We compared DNA damage and the efficacy of its repair after genotoxic treatment with γ‐radiation of lymphocytes and tissue cells isolated from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) and healthy donors. Thirty‐seven subjects with HNSCC and 35 healthy donors were enrolled in the study. The extent of DNA damage including oxidative lesions and efficiency of the repair were examined by alkaline comet assay. HNSCC cancer cells were more sensitive to genotoxic treatment and displayed impaired DNA repair. In particular, lesions caused by γ‐radiation were repaired less effectively in metastasis of HNSCC than in healthy controls. The differences in radiation sensitivity of cancer and control cells suggested that DNA repair might be critical for HNSCC treatment. We conclude that γ‐radiation might be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for head and neck cancers, including patients in advanced stage of the disease with clear evidence of metastasis.

Leczenie chirurgiczne guzów nowotworowych ślinianek

INTRODUCTION Tumors of parotid gland represent a diverse group of neoplasms with varied clinical behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS The diagnostic methods and treatment of salivary gland tumors are presented in this paper. The authors describe the group of 44 patients with salivary gland tumors treated surgically in ENT Departament Laryngology of Medical University in Łódź. Enucleation, partial and total parotidectomy were performed. Neurosign 100 unit was used during parotidectomy to monitoring course of facial nerve. RESULTS Tumor mixtus was a dominate type of tumors. Only three patients with malignant tumor had facial nerve paralysis after surgery. CONCLUSIONS (1) The extent of the surgical procedure depends on histopathologic diagnosis. (2) Using of facial nerve monitoring during parotid surgery improves its outcomes.Summary Introduction Tumors of parotid gland represent a diverse group of neoplasms with varied clinical behaviors. Material and methods The diagnostic methods and treatment of salivary gland tumors are presented in this paper. The authors describe the group of 44 patients with salivary gland tumors treated surgically in ENT Departament Laryngology of Medical University in Łodź. Enucleation, partial and total parotidectomy were performed. Neurosign 100 unit was used during parotidectomy to monitoring course of facial nerve. Results Tumor mixtus was a dominate type of tumors. Only three patients with malignant tumor had facial nerve paralysis after surgery. Conclusions 1. The extent of the surgical procedure depends on histopathologic diagnosis. 2. Using of facial nerve monitoring during parotid surgery improves its outcomes.

Autofluorescencja tkankowa w diagnostyce i ocenie skuteczności leczenia nowotworów głowy i szyi

Summary There are still serious diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in case of carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx and oral cavity most often in patients after radiotherapy. An appropriate choice of a site to take a specimen for histopathology is crucial with regard to establish a diagnosis and find an origin of primary lesion and local recurrence. In this regard our attention is focused on those diagnostic methods which enable to detect even small pathologic lesions. Among them is tissue autofluorescence (DAFE). Its advantages are non-invasiveness, high sensitivity and repeatability. The aim of the study was to validate DAFE as a method for early diagnosis and monitoring of treatment efficacy of head and neck cancers. Forty seven patients were included. Each patient had a fibroscopic investigation with the use of white light and light inducing the tissue fluorescence. A specimen for the histopathology was taken from each site which showed fluorescence in order to verify the diagnosis. The presence of neoplastic lesions was always confirmed with histopathology in parallel with the assessment of the lesion area with fluorescence. DAFE is a non-invasive and useful method for the detection of early cancer lesions with the potential to assess the advances of the disease and to monitor its progress.

Choroba Castlemana – opis przypadku ☆ ☆☆ ◊

Summary The Castleman disease was described for the first time in 1956 by Castleman. It is a rare disease of the lymphatic tissue, manifesting in excessive proliferation of lymphocites B and plasmatic cells in lymph nodes. The etiopathogenesis if the disease still is unknown. The paper presents a case of the Castlemana disease (hyaline vascular type) in 20-year old man with unilateral enlargement of neck lymph nodes. The case exemplifies the difficulties met in diagnostics and treatment of the Castleman disease.

TC2 C776G polymorphism studies in patients with oral cancer in the Polish population

The first signs of oral cancer may resemble developing infections in the mucous membranes, with throat cancer symptoms being similar to those of upper respiratory tract infections. This greatly hinders rapid diagnosis and treatment. Better knowledge of the changes occurring in the metabolism of folic acid can help in understanding the carcinogenesis affecting DNA methylation and genome stability. Polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes involved in this pathway may influence enzyme activity and thereby interfere with the concentrations of homocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine, which are important for DNA synthesis and cellular methylation reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the risk of oral cancer associated with the TC2 C776G polymorphism, as determined in 119 patients. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The test genotype was found to correspond to the Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium (p > 0.05). In our population G/G homozygosity of C776G TC2 gene polymorphism increases the risk of oral cancer; OR (odds ratio): 4.3875; 95% CI (confidence interval): 2.0518-9.319; p = 0.001. Regarding C/G genotype of the C776G TC2 gene, polymorphism also increases the risk of developing this cancer; OR 2.4146 95% CI: 1.2803-4.5541; p = 0.01.

Effect of copper(II) the activity of glutathione peroxidase in patients with head and neck cancer

INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for about 6% of all malignant cancers. In the epidemiology of oral cavity neoplasm, important risk factors include: tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, bad oral hygiene, papilloma virus infection, riboflavin and iron deficiency. OBJECTIVE The objective of the investigation was a synthesis of Cu(II) complex and the evaluation of antioxidative enzymatic barrier in red blood cells of patients with head and neck tumor as well as in the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the investigation conduction, a consent of Bioethics Committee number RNN/142/09/KB was obtained. Blood for the examination was obtained from the patients of the Dapartment of Head and Neck Neoplasms Surgery Medical University of Łódź. The experiment was conducted on the group of 40 patients with HNSCC and 40 healthy people, using spectrophotometric method, glutathione peroxidase was marked. RESULTS The investigation was conducted on the hemolysate obtained from the patients that were divided into two groups - a study group (1 and 2), which consisted of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer and a control group (1 and 2) - healthy people. A significant statistical result for GPX occurred in control-1 and study-1 group with complex compound Cu(II) (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS Presented research prove, that complex compound Cis-dichlorobis(N1-hydroxymethyl-3methylpyrazole-κN2)copper (II) has an impact on the activity of the antioxidative GPX enzyme.

Multiple giant cell granuloma – a case report

Many cancerous lesions, such as epulides, may be determined during routine dental check-ups. It is possible because the lesions are located on the mucous membrane of the alveolar process of the maxilla or the mandible, and contain characteristic bluish or purple tint. The division of the epulides is basing on clinical and histological examination, we can distinguish: pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and parulis. They appear as a result of chronic injures, poor hygiene and even hormone therapy. The treatment depends mainly on surgical excision and the success of the surgery is correlated with the radicality of it. The main point of the work is to present the case of simultaneous occurrence of the epulis of maxilla and mandible.

Atypical lipomatous tumor of the cheek - a case report.

Liposarcoma is the most common soft tissue malignant tumor. It mostly arises in the subcutaneous tissue of shoulders, limbs and neck, and retroperitoneal space, but head occurrence is very rare. Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) is a well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and constitutes 40-45% of all liposarcoma cases. A case of 57-year-old woman with a tumor of the left cheek, causing a discreet face asymmetry is presented. The tumor was soft and caused no tenderness. The patient reported no previous injury of the region. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed atypical cells suspected of liposarcoma. MR examination showed fascicles of adipose tissue, which made the left cheek prominent. The patient was operated under general anaesthesia. Adipose tissue of the left cheek was removed. Postoperative course was uneventful. The final histopathological diagnosis - was atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS). The patient remains under laryngological care. No recurrence of the disease has been observed during the 5 years follow-up.