Dariusz Tarnapowicz

„Shore to ship” system - an alternative electric power supply in port

Greater interdependence and integration among the countries worldwide have resulted in the growth of the world trade and, what follows, marine transportation. In the last few years, despite the world economic stagnation, the number of ships has increased. An increase in the marine transportation means greater air pollution caused by ships, what is of paramount importance for the port cities. One of the efficient ways of limiting the negative impact of ships lying in ports on the environment is the power supply from the local electricity stations. This will allow for turning marine power generating systems off, what will result in the emission elimination in the ship’s mooring time along with the decrease of noise and vibrations. The infrastructure of the port electric installation necessary for the ships’ supply has to be designed so as to make the operating of different ship types possible. It is complicated as all over the world ships are equipped with different electric systems. The paper deals with general issues related to common nominal voltages and frequencies for vessels which call in European harbours and their estimated power demands. Additionally, a case study of a ferry vessel, currently undergoing retrofitting for shore connections, is presented and some particulars concerning technical solutions and environmental profits are described.

International Standardization in the Design of “Shore to Ship” - Power Supply Systems of Ships in Port

Abstract The decisive source of air pollution emissions in ports is the berthed ships. This is primarily caused by the work of ship’s autonomous generator sets. One way of reducing the air pollution emissions in ports is the supply of ships from electricity inland system. The main problem connected with the power connection of ships to the inland network is caused by different values of levels and frequencies of voltages in these networks (in various countries) in relation to different values of levels and frequencies of voltages present in the ship’s network. It is also important that the source power can range from a few hundred kW up to several MW. In order to realize a universal „Shore to Ship” system that allows the connection of ships to the electricity inland network, the international standardization is necessary. This article presents the current recommendations, standards and regulations for the design of „Shore to Ship” systems.

Researches of transition and quasi-steady state processes in a shunt active power filter

One of the methods to improve the power quality in electric power networks is the use of active power filters. In the article, a method of analysis of transition and quasi-steady state processes in a shunt active three-phase power filter (SAPF) was presented. The analysis of electromagnetic processes was carried out on the basis of a mathematical description of the active filter. Structural models for the simulation of dynamic processes in the shunt active three-phase power filter were developed. The results of studies of dynamic states obtained for the SAPF with independent control and current control were shown. A study of the active filter was performed with the use of Matlab-Simulink program.

Reduction of the fire risk in the aspect of ground currents in ship electrical grid LV type IT

Electricity networks with an isolated neutral point type IT are commonly used in ships. This is mainly caused by the need to ensure the continuity of supply for electrical equipment, which decides about an appropriate operation of the vessel. The occurrence of leakage current with values dependent on components in transverse impedance carries a risk of fire. The article presents fire risk that occurs in ships in the aspect of capacitive leakage currents. Currently, the only measure of protection is to monitor the condition of insulation and signalization in case of exceeding the limit values. The article shows the system of limiting leakage currents in ship electricity networks type IT via an active compensation method with the use of controlled current sources.