Daryl J. Williams

Current status of invasive alien birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with keys to species

Abstract In the 20th century, five species of birch-leafmining sawflies were inadvertently introduced from Europe to North America: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug), and Scolioneura vicina Konow. All have been recorded at outbreak levels in North America, and three (F. pumila, P. thomsoni, and H. nemoratus) have been the targets of successful biological control programs. The most recently detected species, F. nana and S. vicina, are good candidates for future biological control in Canada. We review the biology of all five of these birch-leafmining sawflies in North America and present keys to adults, larvae, and mines to aid correct identification.

Biology of the spiny ash sawfly, Eupareophora parca (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Blennocampinae), in Edmonton, Alberta

The spiny ash sawfly, Eupareophora parca (Cresson, 1880), was discovered in Edmonton in 2003 at the Northern Forestry Centre defoliating planted ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). This represents the first record of this species from Alberta. Observations of adult and larval behaviour and life-history variables such as adult flight, number and duration of larval instars, and overwintering were made. The nature and severity of defoliation was monitored in 2003 and 2004, and large increases were detected in the amount of defoliation per site and the number of sites defoliated between years. The precipitous increase in severity and extent of defoliation indicates the possibility that this species could become a significant urban pest in the province.

A Revision of the Genus Callimoxys Kraatz (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in America North of Mexico and Review of World Species

ABSTRACT The North American species of Callimoxys Kraatz, 1863 are revised. Callimoxys sanguinicollis (Olivier, 1795), Callimoxys fuscipennis (LeConte, 1861), new status, and Callimoxys pinorum Casey, 1924, new status, are recognized as valid, and two new species (Callimoxys ocularis Hammond and Williams, type locality West Saylorville Lake, Iowa, and Callimoxys nigrinis Hammond and Williams, type locality near Brenham, Texas) are described. A key to the world fauna is included, as well as a review and diagnosis of the two known Palaearctic species, Callimoxys gracilis (Brullé, 1832) and Callimoxys retusifer Holzschuh, 1999. A morphometric study was conducted using 67 characters from adults of the North American species. Data were examined using stepwise discriminant analysis to determine which characters aid in the diagnosis of taxa, and their relative amounts of resolving power using canonical variates analysis. Significant sexual dimorphism and variability in morphological characters were detected, but ratios that control for body size were found to be useful in species diagnosis. Phylogenetic analysis using the genus Stenopterus Illiger, 1804 as outgroup returned a single most parsimonious tree and hypothesized C. ocularis+C nigrinis as ancestral and C. sanguinicollis +C. pinorum most derived.

Description of Mature Larvae of Pissodes yunnanensis Langor and Zhang and Pissodes punctatus Langor and Zhang (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from China

ABSTRACT Mature larvae of Pissodes yunnanensis Langor and Zhang and Pissodes punctatus Langor and Zhang are described and external morphology illustrated. Differences between Chinese and North American species are discussed in light of previous taxonomic and phylogenetic work.

Distribution, Species Composition, and Incidence of Egg Parasitoids of the Forest Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), During a Widespread Outbreak in the Canadian Prairies

Abstract Egg bands of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, were sampled across a wide area of the Canadian prairie provinces during a large-scale outbreak in 1989 and 1990 to examine the incidence and distribution of egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera). Data on the parasitoid species found and the incidence and frequency of parasitism in three habitat types is presented. Three species of egg parasitoids were recovered, Telenomus clisiocampae Riley (Scelionidae), Ooencyrtus clisiocampae (Ashmead) (Encyrtidae), and Baryscapus malacosomae (Girault) (Eulophidae). Differences in the number of species occurring per egg band and the percent of parasitism were found among habitat types. These differences are correlated to the amount of spumaline cover on egg bands, which also varied among habitat types.

Nomenclatural Change for a Species of Callimoxys Kraatz (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in North America

In our recent revision of the North American species of Callimoxys Kraatz (Hammond and Williams 2011), it was discovered that we made an error in the naming of one of the new species, and unfortunately there is a conflict as there are two different names used in the manuscript for the same species. In Fig. 1 (range map, page 247), we used the name Callimoxys nigrinus Williams and Hammond, and in the original description of the species ( page 283) we used the name Callimoxys nigrinis Williams and Hammond. The diminutive form of niger (black) is nigrinus (meaning darkish or blackish), and in Latin first declension adjectives will either end in –us (masculine), –a (feminine), or –um (neuter). This was confused with the second declension adjectives in the names of other species in the group such as Callimoxys sanguinicollis (Olivier) or Callimoxys fuscipennis (LeConte), which end in –is (masculine and feminine) and –e (neuter). According to Articles 24.2.3 and 32.2.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, as there were two spellings of the names in the original publication, one must be chosen as correct. We hereby designate: Callimoxys nigrinus Williams and Hammond, 2011: page 247 (correct original spelling by present revision)