David A. Nickle

New species of katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) of the neotropical genera Arachnoscelis (Listroscelidinae) and Phlugiola (Meconematinae), with taxonomic notes

Abstract The predaceous katydid species Arachnoscelis meriti, n. sp. (Listroscelidinae) and Phlugiola arborea, n. sp. (Meconematinae) are described herein. Keys to species of both genera based on morphological differences are also provided. Both species were collected from rainforest canopies in northern Peru. Based on the numbers of additional new forms collected, sorted and identified during the course of this study, many species in addition to these are new to science, providing evidence of a very rich and diverse arboreal fauna in northern Peru. After reviewing literature on the tribe Phlugidini, Tenuiphlugis Kevan (with 4 species) is herein synonymized with the genus Lucienola Gurney.

Intraspecific Color Polymorphism in Leaf-Mimicking Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae: Pterochrozini)

Intraspecific polymorphism with respect to color is reported in the leaf-mimicking katydid genera Pterochroza, Typophyllum, and Roxelana. Representative species of these genera as adults have three or more distinct color forms in at least some anatomical features. These color variants are described, and photographic illustrations are provided to facilitate their identification.

New neotropical species of the genus Phlugis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae)

Abstract Seventeen new species of the predaceous katydid genus Phlugis Karny (Meconematinae) are described and figured. All of these species were collected from rainforests in northern Peru. Three of them — along with the already described species, P. teres (DeGeer) — regularly were captured along trails at ground level; the remaining 14 were collected from treetop canopies 10 to 30 m above ground level, using pesticide fogging methods. Based on the numbers of new forms collected from tree canopies, it is probable that many species of this already large genus are yet to be discovered as this niche is explored more thoroughly.

Notes on the Biology and Ecology of the Leaf-Mimicking Katydid Typophyllum bolivari Vignon (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae:

The adult female leaf-mimicking katydid Typophyllum bolivari Vignon is described for the first time, based on specimens collected or reared from northeastern Peru. Descriptions of all nymphal instars are also presented, representing the first time all stages of development of a leaf-mimicking katydid have been documented. The differences in diurnal resting postures exhibited by immature individuals compared with those of adults are correlated with morphological differences. Abdominal lobes, wing pads, and other ornamentation on the nymphs combine with protective coloration to convey an appearance of twigs, forest debris, or leaf fragments that have accumulated on vegetation, resulting in effective camouflage for immature forms of this species. For adults, the presence of fully developed tegmina presents a leaflike appearance that, when combined with its diurnal resting posture, effectively camouflages the insect in this stage of its development. Photographs of all life stages are presented. (KEY WORKDS: katydid, sexual dimorphism, mimicry)

The South American Genus Loboscelis Redtenbacher, 1891 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Copiphorinae sensu lato)

The genus Loboscelis Redtenbacher is reviewed, and a new species from Peru is described. The phylogenetic affinities of this unusual genus with other copiphorines is currently under investigation and information derived from the descriptions herein will be helpful in

Graminofolium Nickle: a new genus of katydid with two species from northern South America

Abstract Two new species of a new genus of katydids collected in the understory of rainforests of northern Peru are described and figured. Observations on one species suggests that both may be predaceous or, at least, opportunistic predators. Placement of this genus into either Copiphorinae or Agraeciinae has not been resolved and demonstrates the need for studies to refine subfamilial and tribal relationships among the tettigoniids.

Synonymies of Wasp-Mimicking Species within the Katydid Genus Aganacris (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)

Abstract Five neotropical wasp-mimicking species of the genus Aganacris—two known only from females and three from males—are reviewed. Based on observation of interspecific interactions and morphological comparison, it is shown that sexual dimorphism occurs within species, and that female species are conspecific with sympatric male species. This is reinforced by field observations in northern Peru of a pairing between A. pseudosphex and A. nitida, wherein the male was in the process of secreting a spermatophore. Aganacris sphex and A. pseudosphex are morphologically nearly identical and probably represent variants of a single species. Since those species known from females only are both senior to sympatric male species, the number of species is reduced from five to two — A. nitida (A. pseudosphex and A. sphex designated herein as junior synonyms) and A. velutina (A. insectivora designated herein as a junior synonym).

New species of the genus Anisophya Karabag from Chile (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)

Abstract Many of the most primitive neotropical bush katydids (Phaneropterinae) — including species of Cosmophyllum Blanchard, Stenophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, Marenestha Brunner von Wattenwyl, Anisophya Karabag, Coryphoda Brunner von Wattenwyl and Burgilis Stål — are endemic to Chile. The Chilean species, Isophya schoenemanni Karsch, is herein re-affirmed to belong to the genus Anisophya. Two new species of Anisophya from Chile are also described. One is dimorphic in wing length. In 1986 APHIS/PPQ intercepted this species in a shipment of apples from Chile, but it is not likely to be a pest of apples or other pome fruits.

Two new arboreal species of pseudophylline katydids from northern Peru (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae)

Abstract Two new arboreal katydid species (Pseudophyllinae) were recently discovered from northern Peruvian rainforest canopies using pesticide-fogging methods. Although these two species are in different tribes, they share the distinction of being the smallest of the pseudophylline katydids. One species, belonging to the platyphylliine genus Brachyauchenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895, is known only from the male sex and differs from both described species of that genus by its more elongate pronotum, the mother-of-pearl markings on the pronotal disc, and differences in the shape of the male cercus and subgenital plate. The other new species belongs to the pleminiine genus Bufotettix Caudell 1918, but is easily distinguished from B. alpha Caudell by its unusually expanded pronotum and by genitalic characters. Both sexes of this species are described. The occurrence of these species in rainforest canopies suggests that many species of katydids may yet be discovered as this poorly known habitat is studied in more detail.

Additional notes on the genus Phlugis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) with the descriptions of two new arboreal species from Costa Rica

Abstract Fourteen new species of the predaceous katydid genus Phlugis Stål, 1860 (Meconematinae), collected using pesticide-fogging methods, were recently described from northern Peruvian rainforest canopies. This paper reports the presence of 2 new species of Phlugis from rainforest canopies in Costa Rica. Although most of our representation of Phlugis species in museums consists primarily of easily collected understory species, the occurrence of a very diverse fauna in rainforest canopies, suggests that many species of this genus are yet to be discovered.