David Akers

Magnetic monopole interactions: Shell structure of meson and baryon states

It is suggested that a low-mass magnetic monopole of Dirac chargeg=(137/2)e may be interacting with ac-quarks magnetic dipole moment to produce Zeeman splitting of meson states. The massM0=2397 MeV of the monopole is in contrast to the 1016-GeV monopoles of grand unification theories (GUT). It is shown that shell structure of energyEn=M0+1/4nM0+⋯ exists for meson states. The presence of symmetric meson states leads to the identification of the shell structure. The possible existence of the 2397-MeV magnetic monopole is shown to quantize quark masses in agreement with calculations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). From the shell structure of meson states, the existence of two new mesons is predicted:η(1814±50 MeV) withIG(JPC=0+(0−+) andηc(3907±100 MeV) withJPC=0−+. The presence of shell structure for baryon states is shown.

Paschen-Back effect in dyonium

A formulation of the Pashen-Back effect in dyonium is discussed to explain the recent evidence for a magnetic monopole of mass 2397 MeV and Dirac chargeg=(137/2)e. The masses for isospinI=0 mesons are estimated and compared with experiment.

Mikhailov's experiments on detection of magnetic charge

In a reanalysis of Mikhailovs experiments, it is argued that observations of magnetic chargeg=(1/2)(1/137)(1/3)e on ferromagnetic aerosols are incorrect. Future experiments of the type conducted by Mikhailov must take into an account the component of particle velocity orthogonal toE andH. It is shown that Mikhailovs data are consistent with the existence of a Dirac unit of magnetic chargeg=(137/2)e found in meson spectroscopy.

Dual field theory of strong interactions

A dual field theory of strong interactions is derived from a Lagrangian of the Yang-Mills and Higgs fields. The existence of a magnetic monopole of mass 2397 MeV and Dirac chargeg=(137/2)e is incorporated into the theory. Unification of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces is shown to converge at the mass of the intermediate vector bosonW±. The coupling constants of the strong and weak interactions are derived in terms of the fine-structure constantα=1/137.

Further evidence for magnetic charge from hadronic spectra

Schwingers dyonium model of quarks is incorporated into a theory of the strong QCD and electromagnetic interactions. Vector bosons are shown to exist with masses obeying Nambus empirical mass formulamn=(n/2)137me,n a positive integer. The existence of a Dirac unit of magnetic chargeg=(137/2)ne is the basis for the Nambu formula and for the 70-MeV quantum in MacGregors constituent-quark model. Frosch derived an empirical mass formula which contains the Nambu mass series as a subset.

Dirac monopole and mac gregor’s formula for particle lifetimes

SummaryElementary-particle lifetimes are quantized in powers of the fine-stucture constant α. The constituent quark model of Mac Gregor provides an explanation why the observed lifetimes are α-spaced. The dyonium model suggests that quarks are composed of electric and magnetic charges. It is the magnetic interactions which provide a clue to the origin of mass. Nambu first suggested an empirical mass spectrum of particles based upon the fine-structure constant.

Existence of Magnetic Charge

A status report is presented on the existence of quarks carrying the Dirac unit of magnetic chargeg = (137/2)e. The Paschen-Back effect in dyonium is discussed. From the dyonium model, Akers predicted the existence of a new η meson at 1814 MeV withIG(JPC) = 0+(0−+). Experimental evidence now confirms the existence of the meson resonance.

Further evidence for magnetic charge from meson spectroscopy

Recently evidence was presented for the existence of magnetic charge from Zeeman splitting in meson states. The model by Akers predicted the existence of a newη meson at 1814 MeV withIG(JPC)=0+(0−+). Experimental evidence for this new meson is cited and discussed.

Dirac magnetic monopoles as Goldstone and Higgs bosons in the origin of mass

A dyonium model of quarks is incorporated into a theory of the strong QCD and electromagnetic interactions. Dirac magnetic monopoles are introduced as scalar bosons in a triplet of isovector fields within the framework of the QCD theory of colored quarks and gluons. Superheavy vector bosons are predicted to exist with masses of 328 OeV and 11.3 TeV.

Detection of the dirac monopole with magnetic levitation

Recently it was suggested that an experiment by Mikhailov should be reproduced to confirm the existence of magnetic charge on ferromagnetic aerosols. At the present time, there is controversy about the results of Mikhailovs experiment in regard to a reanalysis by Akers. In this paper, an experiment is proposed to resolve the discrepancy between Mikhailovs earlier results and the latest value for the Dirac charge.