David Bessman

U.S.-Canadian Consensus Recommendations on the Immunophenotypic Analysis of Hematologic Neoplasia by Flow Cytometry: Medical Indications

Bruce H. Davis,1* Kathy Foucar,2 Wlodek Szczarkowski,3 Edward Ball,4 Tom Witzig,5 Kenneth A. Foon,6 Denise Wells,7 Pat Kotylo,8 Rebecca Johnson,9 Curtis Hanson,5 and David Bessman10 1William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan 2University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 3Cytometry Associates, Brentwood, Tennessee 4University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 5Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 6Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky 7Hematologics, Seattle, Washington 8Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 9Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, Massachusetts 10University of Texas, Galveston, Texas

Induction of CD8 antigen and suppressor activity by glucocorticoids in a CEM human leukemic cell clone

The relationship between glucocorticoid effect and regulation of cell surface antigens was investigated in two models of leukemic cell lines, CEM C7 denoted (r+, ly+) and CEM C1 (r+, ly-). The reactivity of murine monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD4-FITC, anti-CD8-FITC, anti-CD2-FITC and anti-calla-FITC, were analyzed using flow cytometry. The suppressor function was determined using [3H]thymidine incorporation into phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Dexamethasone treatment of a human leukemic cell clone CEM C7 caused an increase in a subset of cells expressing the surface antigen CD8, which is present on suppressor and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. By comparison, there was no modification of the expression of CD4 antigen, which is expressed at high levels in these cells. After two days of treatment with 5 x 10(-8) M dexamethasone, CEM C7 cells showed a two-fold increase in suppressor activity compared to untreated cells. In contrast, there was no regulation by glucocorticoids of either the CD8 or CD4 antigens in the leukemic clone CEM C1. Furthermore, no modification of the suppressor function in CEM C1 cells by dexamethasone was observed. In the human leukemic cells studied here, the ability to induce CD8 antigen expression in a CD4+ cells correlates with the ability to induce cell lysis in a glucocorticoid receptor positive cell population.

Soft Tissue Sarcomas CASE 1. Granulocytic Sarcoma: Presentation With Nodal and Skin Involvement

Malignancies arising in connective tissue comprise a clinically important and histologically diverse category of pediatric cancers. These have traditionally been classified by presumed cell of origin or type of differentiation, with the caveat that some diagnoses originate from undefined cell types. Newer genetic data indicates that molecular perturbations, particularly translocations and their derivative chimeric fusions, correlate with histological types and better predict clinical behavior and outcome. Many diagnostic imaging techniques can be profitably applied to these tumors for the purposes of diagnosis, staging, and disease monitoring. These range from ultrasonography to newer positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Rhabdomyosarcomas constitute a large proportion of sarcomas in children, but in older children and adolescents, non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) predominate as a group. This review will cover classification, grading, morphological and genetic diagnosis, and diagnostic imaging features of these diverse lesions, Rarely adult types of sarcomas occur in children, but they will be included in this relatively brief chapter.

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Malignancies arising in connective tissue comprise a clinically important and histologically diverse category of pediatric cancers. These have traditionally been classified by presumed cell of origin or type of differentiation, with the caveat that some diagnoses originate from undefined cell types. Newer genetic data indicates that molecular perturbations, particularly translocations and their derivative chimeric fusions, correlate with histological types and better predict clinical behavior and outcome. Many diagnostic imaging techniques can be profitably applied to these tumors for the purposes of diagnosis, staging, and disease monitoring. These range from ultrasonography to newer positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Rhabdomyosarcomas constitute a large proportion of sarcomas in children, but in older children and adolescents, non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) predominate as a group. This review will cover classification, grading, morphological and genetic diagnosis, and diagnostic imaging features of these diverse lesions, Rarely adult types of sarcomas occur in children, but they will be included in this relatively brief chapter.

Case 1. Granulocytic sarcoma: Presentation with nodal and skin involvement

Malignancies arising in connective tissue comprise a clinically important and histologically diverse category of pediatric cancers. These have traditionally been classified by presumed cell of origin or type of differentiation, with the caveat that some diagnoses originate from undefined cell types. Newer genetic data indicates that molecular perturbations, particularly translocations and their derivative chimeric fusions, correlate with histological types and better predict clinical behavior and outcome. Many diagnostic imaging techniques can be profitably applied to these tumors for the purposes of diagnosis, staging, and disease monitoring. These range from ultrasonography to newer positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Rhabdomyosarcomas constitute a large proportion of sarcomas in children, but in older children and adolescents, non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) predominate as a group. This review will cover classification, grading, morphological and genetic diagnosis, and diagnostic imaging features of these diverse lesions, Rarely adult types of sarcomas occur in children, but they will be included in this relatively brief chapter.