David Cook-Martín

The Problem with Similarity: Ethnic Affinity Migrants in Spain

Politics that give a privileged migratory or citizenship status to individuals abroad because of presumed common origins with a granting states people foster the expectation that ethnic affinity facilitates social and economic integration. However, a growing literature has documented a mismatch between the social and the economic expectations of people defined as co-ethnics by these policies. Relying on a study of Spanish-descent Argentines who have ‘returned’ to Spain, we argue that the effect of perceived ethnic affinities varies by social context. While ethnic similarity with natives may offer an advantage to migrants in search of housing or educational opportunities, it can hinder entry to the job market. From an employers standpoint, what makes ‘traditional’ immigrants suited to these positions is their willingness to put up with low wages and poor working conditions in anticipation of future economic and status payoffs in the homeland. To the extent that ethnic-affinity migrants are oriented primarily to the local economic and status structure, their access to entry-level jobs may be impeded and/or they may be forced to compete with natives for skilled or professional jobs precisely because they are not different in the sense valued by employers. In a concluding section, we measure insights gleaned from the Spanish case against the experiences of ethnic Germans and Japanese-descent Brazilians and conclude that ethnic-affinity migrants’ orientations are shaped by the terms on which policies allow access to destination countries and to citizenship.

Liberalism and the Limits of Inclusion: Race and Immigration Law in the Americas, 1850–2000

Most scholars argue that the global triumph of liberal norms within the last 150 years ended discriminatory immigration policy. Yet, the United States was a leader in the spread of policy restrictions aimed at Asian migrants during the early twentieth century, and authoritarian Latin American regimes removed racial discrimination from their immigration laws a generation before the United States and Canada did. By the same token, critical theorists claim that racism has not diminished, but most states have removed their discriminatory laws, thus allowing significant ethnic transformation within their borders. An analysis of the immigration policies of the twenty-two major countries of the Americas since 1850 reveals that liberal states have been discriminatory precisely because of their liberalism and elucidates the diffusion of international legal norms of racial exclusion and inclusion.

Can you become one of us? A historical comparison of legal selection of ‘assimilable’ immigrants in Europe and the Americas

ABSTRACT Pre-arrival integration tests used by European countries suggest discriminatory measures subtly persist in immigration laws. This paper draws on a comparison across the Americas and Europe to identify and explain historical continuities and discontinuities in ‘assimilability’ admissions requirements. We attribute legal shifts at the turn of the twenty-first century to the institutionalised delegitimisation of biological racism and the rise of permanent settlement immigration to Europe. Efforts to reduce Muslim immigration largely motivate contemporary European policies, but these policies test putative individual capacity to integrate rather than inferring it from a racial group categorisation, as did historical precedents in the Americas.

Culling the Masses: A Rejoinder

This article was downloaded by: [University of California, San Diego] On: 26 April 2015, At: 07:27 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Ethnic and Racial Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rers20 Culling the Masses: A Rejoinder David Cook-Martin & David FitzGerald Published online: 22 Apr 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: David Cook-Martin & David FitzGerald (2015) Culling the Masses: A Rejoinder, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38:8, 1319-1327, DOI: To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1016076 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities

Who Counts? Demography of Race and Ethnicity in Argentina

Contemporary population dynamics in Argentina reflect a distinctive demographic history and way of conceptualizing national populations. This chapter (1) gives the main threads of history, (2) explains official population classifications like the census, (3) offers a current demographic profile of Argentina, and (4) identifies key demographic challenges.

Immigration, Emigration, and Citizenship

The global expansion of capitalism and the concurrent rise of an international system of nation-states are the backdrop against which this article defines emigration, immigration, and citizenship. The article identifies the major features of modern mass migration, outlines an analytic approach to avoid the pitfalls of nationally based biases in studying immigration, emigration, and citizenship, and presents a case study to illustrate the benefits of this approach.

State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Republics of the PossibleState and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Republics of the Possible, edited by CentenoMiguel A.FerraroAgustin. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 469 pp.

revision. The authors consistently recognize and remind us of the limitations of many practical strategies to respond to gendered injustice. They argue for a ‘‘radical reform’’ of decarceration, rather than more modest reforms that focus only on increasing the functionality of the system. Including research from multiple countries illustrates the importance of local context, as well as common threads across places. While the focus of the volume is on women’s experiences, the authors recognize that gender is one of several sources of disadvantage and that other forms of disadvantage and structural subordination must also be addressed to create a more just system for all. They also recognize that criminal justice problems and solutions are not isolated and bound within the criminal justice system, but are situated within a broader social context. Each chapter focuses on a single place, and so the comparative aspect is left to the reader. Still, for many of us who tend to focus our research on a single or small number of places or contexts, the volume as a whole is invaluable in challenging that perspective and the assumptions to which it can lead. The nature of an edited volume also means that the authors do not have much space to fully develop their methodological approaches or data analysis. The chapters highlight key findings, conclusions, and policy recommendations; those looking for more detail or background on the empirical work might want to seek out the contributing authors’ other work. This book is likely to be of interest to students, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. This would be an appropriate addition to advanced-level undergraduate or graduate courses in incarceration, social work, social policy, and gender and crime. Chapters raise important questions and open the door for new research questions and foci. All of the contributions remind us of the potential for change but also show that this change needs to take into account social context and issues broader than just individual choice. These are important reminders for students, scholars, and policymakers. The reminder that policies and programs can be both well-intentioned and destructive is similarly important. State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Republics of the Possible, edited by Miguel A. Centeno and Agustin Ferraro. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 469 pp.

29.99 paper. ISBN: 97811074 54392.

29.99 paper. ISBN: 97811074 54392.