David G. Watson

Tables of bond lengths determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Part 1. Bond lengths in organic compounds

The average lengths of bonds involving the elements H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Te, and l in organic compounds are reported.

Supplement. Tables of bond lengths determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Part 2. Organometallic compounds and co-ordination complexes of the d- and f-block metals

Average lengths for metal–ligand bonds are reported, together with some intraligand distances, for complexes of the d- and f-block metals. Mean values are presented for 325 different bond types involving metal atoms bonded to H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Te, or I atoms of the ligands.

Risk factors for preterm, low birth weight and small for gestational age birth in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Townsville

Objectives: To assess the characteristics of Indigenous births and to examine the risk factors for preterm (<37 weeks), low birth weight (<2,500 g) and small for gestational age (SGA) births in a remote urban setting.

Three dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate.

The three dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate in the hydrated disodium salt is reported to a resolution of 0.9 Å.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in northern Australia

Objective:  To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in a cohort of pregnant urban Indigenous women and association of STI with preterm birth, low birthweight birth and perinatal mortality.

Laparoscopic drainage of hematocolpos: a new treatment option for the acute management of a transverse vaginal septum

OBJECTIVE To describe a novel technique for the acute management of a transverse vaginal septum with hematocolpos. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Secondary- and tertiary-care centers in Australia and New Zealand. PATIENT(S) Three patients with a transverse vaginal septum presenting with pain and a hematocolpos. INTERVENTION(S) Laparoscopic drainage of the hematocolpos. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pain relief until definitive resection of the transverse vaginal septum. RESULT(S) All patients were free of pain after the procedure. Two patients had a second laparoscopic procedure to drain the hematocolpos which had reaccumulated while awaiting definitive surgery. All three patients have undergone resection of the septum. CONCLUSION(S) Laparoscopic drainage provides a novel approach to the acute management of a transverse vaginal septum, providing pain relief without compromising the success of definitive surgery which can be performed at a later date.

3-D Searching and Numerical Analyses Applied to Files of Crystallographic Data: Methodologies, Examples, and Integration with 1-D and 2-D Techniques

Search queries in 3-D chemical information systems are usually formulated in terms of geometrical data items derived from an underlying 3-D co-ordinate set. A very wide range of distances, angles, puckering parameters, etc., are possible. The CSD program GSTAT will locate a fragment, calculate user specified geometry (and linear combinations thereof, if required) and select fragments on the basis of limiting values supplied for any of the derived parameter(s). Even then, statistical analyses of the multivariate data set G(Nf, Np)[Nf = no. of fragments retained, Np = no. of parameters specified] may be required to answer the 3-D query completely. Simple descriptive statistics, cluster analyses, principal component methods, correlation, regression, etc. are essential tools within GSTAT. Integration of 3-D searching with the 1-D and 2-D capabilities of CSD program QUEST are being effected via a 1:1 graph matching of chemical and crystallographic connection tables, to be followed by a careful generation of 3-D screening mechanisms. An improved statistics package is also being developed.

Metal–olefin complexes. Part II. Some palladium(II) and platinum(II) derivatives of tris(but-3-enyl)arsine containing co-ordinated and unco-ordinated olefinic groups

The potentially quadridentate chelate, tris(but-3-enyl)arsine, reacts with palladium(II) salts to form PdLX2(X = Cl, I) complexes, and with platinum(II) salts to form PtLX2(X = Cl, Br, I,CNS) complexes. The complexes have been investigated by conductivity measurements, molecular weight studies, and by electronic, i.r., and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. The PdLCl2 and PtLX2(X = Cl, Br) complexes are cis-planar and, as well as containing an arsine donor, also contain a co-ordinated olefinic group in rapid equilibrium with unco-ordinated olefins. The PdLI2 and PtLX2(X = I, CNS) are halogeno- or pseudohalogeno-bridged dimers and contain only monodentate arsine-donor ligands. The tendency for olefins to co-ordinate in these, and analogous systems, is discussed.

Evaluation of fetal kidney growth using ultrasound: a systematic review

PURPOSE To determine the role of ultrasound imaging in evaluating fetal kidney growth. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were electronically searched for studies between 1996 and January 2017 and limited to English language. Studies were included if they reported on an ultrasound technique to assess fetal kidney growth and they were not a case report or case series. There was independent selection of studies by two reviewers in consensus with one other reviewer. Data were extracted by one reviewer in consensus with two other reviewers. RESULTS A total of 1785 articles were identified. The full text of 39 of these were assessed for eligibility for inclusion. Twenty-eight studies were then included in the review. Standard two dimensional (2D) fetal renal measurements are easy to perform, however, this review identified that most studies had some methodological limitations. The disadvantage with 2D and three dimensional (3D) fetal renal volumes are that they include the entire kidney and good reproducibility of 3D volumes has not yet been demonstrated. Currently there is limited research on fetal kidney growth in the setting of abnormal fetal growth. Research focussing directly on fetal kidney parenchyma and blood flow is scarce. CONCLUSIONS Some nomograms of 2D and 3D fetal kidney size and volume have been developed. Kidney length is the most popular single fetal kidney measurement; however, it does not seem to be a good indicator of growth. In IUGR fetuses, kidney length remained similar to appropriately grown fetuses whereas AP and TS dimensions were significantly decreased. New ultrasound techniques focusing on the parenchyma of the kidney and perfusion to the kidney should be explored as they may provide more meaningful information on kidney development in the fetus and future kidney function.

Fetal autopsy and closing the gap

Over the past 30 years, the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) in Australia has been reduced to almost a quarter of that observed in the 1970s. To a large extent, this decline in the PMR has been driven by a reduction in neonatal mortality. Stillbirth rates have, however, remained relatively unchanged, and stillbirth rates for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander mothers have remained approximately twice that for non‐Indigenous women over the last 10 years. The causes for this difference remain to be fully established. Fetal autopsy is the single most important investigative tool to determine the cause of fetal demise. While facilitators and barriers to gaining consent for autopsy have been identified in a non‐Indigenous context, these are yet to be established for Indigenous families. In order to address the gap in stillbirths between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous mothers, it is essential to identify culturally appropriate ways when approaching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families for consent after fetal death. Culturally safe and appropriate counselling at this time provides the basis for respectful care to families while offering an opportunity to gain knowledge to reduce the PMR. Identifying the cause of preventable stillbirth is an important step in narrowing the disparity in stillbirth rates between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous mothers.