David H. Fine

Nitric oxide delivery system

2. Lazarevic ZD. The value of capnography during jetventilation for suspension laryngoscopy. Acta Anaesth Berg 1980: 31 (Suppl): 255-264. 3. Ward KR, Menegazzi JJ, Yealy DM, Klain MM, Molner RL, Goode JS. Translaryngeal jet ventilation and end-tidal pC0, monitoring during varying degrees of upper airway obstruction. Ann Emerg Med 1991: 20: 1193-1197. 4. Gottschalk A, Edwards McIW. A simple device to enable capnography during jet ventilation for laryngoscopy. Anesthesiology 1993: 79: 620-621. 5 . Baer GA, Paloheimo M, Rahnasto J, Pukander J. End tidal oxygen and pulse oximetry for monitoring oxygenation during intratracheal jet ventilation. J Clin Monit 1995: 11: 373380. 6. Hunsaker MH. Anesthesia for microlaryngeal surgery: the case for subglottic jet ventilation. Laryngoscope 1994: 104: 130. 7. Bourgain JL, McGee K, Cosset MF, Bromley L, Meistelman C. Carbon dioxide monitoring during high frequency jet ventilation for direct laryngoscopy. Br J Anaesth 1990: 64:

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetics, lotions and shampoos

Abstract N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDEIA), a compound known to produce liver tumours in rats, was detected in widely used consumer products such as cosmetics, hand and body lotions and hair shampoos. The concentration varied from less than 1 ng/g (ppb) to 48,000 ng/g, the latter in a facial cosmetic. The source of the NDEIA was presumably the nitrosation of the di- and/or triethanolamine additives. NDEIA was identified by coincidence of retention time on three different high-pressure liquid Chromatograph columns using an N-nitrosamine-specific detector. In a single case the compound eluting at the retention time of NDEIA was also isolated and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Principle of operation of the thermal energy analyzer for the trace analysis of volatile and non-volatile N-nitroso compounds

The theoretical basis for the thermal energy analyzer is discussed. Using the principles outlined, the feasibility of selectivity detecting mug/kg levels of volatile and non-volatile N-nitroso compounds is established.

Trace analysis of volatile N-nitroso compounds by combined gas chromatography and thermal energy analysis.

Thermal energy analysis (TEA) has been combined with gas chromatography (GC). The new GC-TEA technique is highly specific to compounds which contain heat labile nitrosyl groups. Because of the specificity of the technique, full use may be made of the TEA sensitivity. Analysis by direct injection of solutions containing less than 1 ng/ml N-nitroso compound is demonstrated.

Picogram Analyses of Explosive Residues Using the Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA

The thermal energy analyzer (TEA®), interfaced to both a gas and a high performance liquid chromatograph, has been shown to be selective to nitro-based explosives at a sensitivity of 4 to 5 pg injected on-column. Analyses of “real world” explosives, post-explosion debris, handswabs, and human plasma are presented. Because of the selectivity of the technique, there was no need for sample cleanup before analysis.

Analysis of volatile N-nitroso compounds in drinking water at the part per trillion level

ConclusionVolatile gc-amenable N-nitroso compounds have not been found to be present in drinking water, even at ultra trace levels. Since sensitive analytical procedures do not currently exist for detecting the non-volatile N-nitroso compounds, such as the N-nitrosotriazines it should be clearly understood that these results refer only to the gas-chromatograph amenable N-nitroso compounds. Nothing is to be inferred as to the presence or absence of the more thermally labile N-nitroso compounds.

Liquid Chromatograph Detector for Trace Analysis of Non-Volatile N-Nitroso Compounds

Abstract A Thermal Energy Analyzer has been interfaced to a high performance liquid chromatograph. The hplc-TEA system can be used for analysis of nanogram amounts of N-nitroso compounds.

N-Nitroso Compounds in the Ambient Community Air of Baltimore, Maryland

Abstract N-nitroso compounds, primarily dimethylnitrosamine, have been found to be present as air pollutants in residential areas of Baltimore. The DMN levels were found to vary from 16 to 760 ng/m3.

Trace determination of amines and other nitrogen containing compounds with a modiefied thermal energy analyzer (TEATM)

SummaryA modification to the TEATM Analyzer is described, which allows it to be used as a highly selective GC detector for nitrogen compounds as well as for N-nitrosamines and nitro compounds. The modified Analyzer is as sensitive as the AFID, but has a much higher selectivity towards nitrogen compounds than the AFID. Its response appears to be molar, with an output that is dependent only on the number of nitrogen atoms present. The performance of the modified Analyzer for the analysis of ammonia, amines,N-nitrosamines, nitriles and organonitro compounds is reported and discussed, as is its application to the detection of these compounds in bacon and beer samples.

NITROSAMINE EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL ENGINE CRANKCASES

Crankcase emissions from four diesel engines, using four types of lubricating oils, were analyzed for volatile nitrosamines. The results showed large differences in nitrosamine output between different crankcase oils tested in the same engine. Composite emission rates of NDMA from the heavy duty diesel engines tested ranged from 4.4 to 136 mu g/hr. Large differences were also observed when the same brand of oil was used in different engines. The controlling factors appear to be the nitrosamine producing capacity of the oils, the NO//X levels in the crankcase, and the emission flow rate from the crankcase.