David Held

Globalization/anti-globalization

What is globalization? Why is it the source of such intense controversy? Is it creating a more disorderly world or can globalization be tamed? In the aftermath of September 11th, these questions have acquired a new and even greater sense of urgency. This short book provides a key to understanding one of the most important intellectual and political debates of our times. The authors interrogate the evidence about globalization and assess global trends. Issues of governance, culture, the economy, patterns of inequality and global ethics are discussed in relation to the contending claims and counterclaims of the principal positions in the globalization debate: the globalizers and anti-globalizers. Held and McGrew reflect on the central questions of political life posed by the great globalization debate, namely: who rules, in whose interests, to what ends, and by what means? They conclude by proposing a new political agenda for the twenty-first century – a global covenant of cosmopolitan social democracy. This book is an excellent guide for all those intrigued, confused or simply baffled by globalization and its impact.

Democracy, the nation-state and the global system

All too often democratic theory has taken the nation-state for granted, it has assumed that democracies can be understood largely by reference to the forces and actors within delimited territorial boudaries. This assumption is systematically questioned in an exploration of the interconnections between democracy and the global system. An enquiry is undertaken into the empirical adequacy of an account of democratic politics cast in terms of national politics, and a normative enquiry is subsequently made into the consequences for democracy of taking seriously regional and global interconnectediness. Guidelines are offered for rethinking democratic theory in an era in which the fates of particular nations and peoples are deeply intertwined.

Re-imagining political community : studies in cosmopolitan democracy

List of Contributors. Introduction Daniele Archibugi, David Held and Martin Kohler. Part 1. The Transformation of the Interstate System. 1. Democracy and Globalization: David Held. 2. Governance and Democracy in a Globalizing World: James N. Rosenau. 3. Human Rights as a Model for Cosmopolitan Democracy: David Beetham. 4. The Global Democracy Deficit: an Essay in International Law and its Limits: James Crawford and Susan Marks. 5. Reconceptualizing Organized Violence: Mary Kaldor. Part II: Citizenship, Sovereignty and Transnational Democracy. . 6. Citizenship and Sovereignty in the post--Westphalian European State: Andrew Linklater. 7. Citizenship in the EU -- A Paradigm for Transnational Democracy?: Ulrich K. Preuss. 8. Between Cosmopolis and Community: Three Models of Rights and Democracy within the European Union: Richard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione. 9. Community Identity and World Citizenship: Janna Thompson. 10. Principles of Cosmopolitan Democracy: Daniele Archibugi. Part III: The Prospects of Cosmopolitan Democracy. . 11. From the National to the Cosmopolitan Public Sphere: Martin Kohler. 12. Refugees: a Special Case for Cosmopolitan Citizenship?: Pierre Hassner. 13. Global Security Problems and the Challenge to Democratic Process: Gwyn Prins and Elizabeth Sellwood. 14. Democracy in the United Nations System Cosmopolitan and Communitarian Principles: Derk Bienen, Volker Rittberger and Wolfgang Wagner. 15. The United Nations and Cosmopolitan Democracy: Bad Dream, Utopian Fantasy, Political Project: Richard Falk. Index.

Democracy: From City-states to a Cosmopolitan Order?

This article traces the development of the idea of democracy from city-states and the early republican tradition to liberalism and Marxism. The relevance of leading conceptions of democracy to contemporary circumstances are then explored. In light of the complex interconnections among states and societies, a set of arguments are developed which offer a new agenda for democratic theory which departs from an exclusive focus on particular political communities and the nation-state. After an examination of a number of key models of the international order – the states system, the UN Charter framework – the case is made for a cosmopolitan international democracy. While such a case is fraught with difficulties, strong grounds are presented for its indispensability to the maintenance and development of democracy both within pre-established borders and across them.

LAW OF STATES, LAW OF PEOPLES:

There are those who believe that the rules governing the international political system are changing fundamentally; a new universal constitutional order is in the making, with profound implications for the constituent units, competencies, structure, and standing of the international legal order ( cf. Cassese 1986, 1991; Weller 1997). On the other side, there are those who are profoundly skeptical of any such transformation; they hold that states remain the leading source of all international rules—the limiting factor that ensures that international relations are shaped, and remain anchored to, the politics of the sovereign state ( cf. Smith 1987; Holsti 1988; Buzan, Little, and Jones 1993). “In all times,” as Hobbes put it, political powers are “in continual jealousies, and in the state and postures of Gladiators” (1968, 187–8). Despite new legal initiatives, such as the human rights regime, “power politics” remain the bedrock of international relations; plus ca change, plus c’est la meme chose .

A globalizing world? : culture, economics, politics

1. A Global Sense of Space Allan Cochrane and Kathy Pain 2. Culture and Information: The globalization of communication? Hugh Mackay 3. Economic Globalization Grahame Thompson 4. Governing Globalization Anthony McGrew

Principles of cosmopolitan order

The world is becoming deeply interconnected, whereby actions in one part of the world can have profound repercussions elsewhere. In a world of overlapping communities of fate, there has been a renewed enthusiasm for thinking about what it is that human beings have in common, and to explore the ethical basis of this. This has led to a renewed interest in examining the normative principles that might underpin efforts to resolve global collective action problems and to ameliorate serious global risks. This project can be referred to as the project of cosmopolitanism. In response to this renewed cosmopolitan enthusiasm, this volume has brought together 25 seminal essays in the development of cosmopolitan thought by some of the worlds most distinguished cosmopolitan thinkers and critics. It is divided into six sections: classical cosmopolitanism, global justice, culture and cosmopolitanism, political cosmopolitanism, cosmopolitan global governance and critical examinations. This volume thus provides a thorough and extensive introduction to contemporary cosmopolitan thought and acts as a definitive source for those interested in cosmopolitan thinking and its critics.

Cosmopolitanism: globalisation tamed?

The processes, problems and dilemmas generated by globalisation shape new contours of politics. They delineate some of the starkest challenges faced in the contemporary era. The first half of this article maps some of these, focusing particularly on questions of governance. Exploring the changing circumstances of politics illuminates why nationalism and statism provide inadequate political resources to meet the problems posed by a more global age. In the second half of the article, cosmopolitanism is defended as a more relevant and appropriate way of framing politics today. Four cosmopolitan principles are set out and a strategy is elaborated for cosmopolitan institution-building. In the final section of the article, cosmopolitanism is defended against possible charges of utopianism, and it is argued that cosmopolitanism is a political project for the here and now – and just as pertinent as the theory of the modern state was when it was first promulgated in Leviathan.

Democracy and globalization

One of the most conspicuous features of politics at the turn of the millennium is the emergence of issues which transcend national frontiers. Processes of economic internationalization, the problem of the environment and the emergence of regional and global networks of communication are increasingly matters of concern for the international community as a whole. The nature and limits of national democracies have to be reconsidered in relation to processes of social and economic globalization; that is, in relation to shifts in the transcontinental or interregional scale of human social organization and of the exercise of social power. This paper seeks to explore these changing circumstances and to examine, albeit tentatively, their implications for democratic theory.

Reframing global governance: Apocalypse soon or reform!

The paradox of our times The paradox of our times can be stated simply: the collective issues we must grapple with are of growing extensity and intensity and, yet, the means for addressing these are weak and incomplete. Three pressing global issues highlight the urgency of finding a way forward. First, little, if any, progress has been made in creating a sustainable framework for the management of global warming. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere is now almost 35 per cent higher than in pre-industrial times. 1 The chief British scientist, Sir David King, has recently warned that ‘climate change is the most serious problem we are facing today, more serious than the threat of terrorism’. 2 Irrespective of whether one agrees with this statement, global warming has the capacity to wreak havoc on the world’s diverse species, biosystems and socioeconomic fabric. Violent storms will become more frequent, water access will become a battleground, rising sea levels will displace millions, the mass movement of desperate people will become more common, and deaths from serious diseases in the world’s poorest countries will rise rapidly (largely because bacteria will spread more quickly, causing greater contamination of food and water). The overwhelming body of scientific opinion now maintains that global warming constitutes a serious threat not in the long term, but in the here and now. The failure of the international community to generate a sound framework for managing global warming is one of the most serious indications of the problems facing the multilateral order.