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Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2002

Spinal anesthesia in 62 premature, former-premature or young infants--technical aspects and pitfalls.

Ze’ev Shenkman; David Hoppenstein; Ita Litmanowitz; Shy Shorer; Michael Gutermacher; Ludvig Lazar; Ilan Erez; Robert Jedeikin; Enrique Freud

PurposeTo highlight technical aspects and pitfalls of spinal anesthesia (SA) in infants.MethodsThe medical history and perioperative course of all infants who underwent SA over a 28-month period were collected (retrospectively in the first 20).ResultsSixty-two infants underwent surgery under SA. Fifty-five were premature and former-premature, postconceptional age 43.3 ± 5.0 weeks, weight 3261 ± 1243 g. Of these, 21 had co-existing disease: cerebral (six), cardiac (nine), pulmonary (11) and urological (six). Hyperbaric tetracaine or bupivacaine 1 mg·kg-1 with adrenaline was administered. Four infants (three premature) required N2O supplementation and three needed general anesthesia. The supplementation rate was similar or lower than in previous studies. Postoperatively, all seven were shown to have lower limb motor and sensory blockade. Complications in premature patients included intraoperative hypoxemia (two), apnea (two) and bradycardia (one). Postoperative complications included bradycardia (three), hypoxemia (one) and apnea and hypoxemia (one). The postoperative complication rate was similar to previous studies.ConclusionSuccessful SA in infants depends on close attention to preoperative assessment, appropriate patient positioning during and after lumbar puncture, drug dosing and intra-and postoperative cardiorespiratory monitoring. A relatively high dose of hyperbaric solution of tetracaine or bupivacaine with adrenaline should be administered.RésuméObjectifMontrer les aspects techniques et les pièges de la rachianesthésie (RA) chez les enfants.MéthodeNous avons noté les antécédents médicaux et le déroulement périopératoire pour tous les enfants qui ont eu une RA au cours de 28 mois (de façon rétrospective pour les 20 premiers).RésultatsDes 62 enfants qui ont subi une opération avec RA, 55 étaient prématurés ou anciens prématurés. L’âge post-fécondation était de 43,3 ±5,0 semaines, le poids de 3261 ± 1243 g. De ces 55 enfants, 21 avaient une maladie concomitante: cérébrale (six), cardiaque (neuf), pulmonaire (onze) et urologique (six). Une dose de 1 mg·kg-1 de tétracaïne ou de bupivacaïne hyperbare, combinée à de l’épinéphrine, a été administrée. Quatre enfants (trois prématurés) ont eu besoin d’un apport complémentaire de N2O et trois, d’anesthésie générale. La fréquence d’administration d’un supplément était comparable ou plus faible que celle d’études antérieures. Les sept enfants ont tous présenté un blocage moteur et sensoriel postopératoire des membres inférieurs. Les complications peropératoires notées chez les patients prématurés sont l’hypoxémie (deux), l’apnée (deux) et la bradycardie (un). Les complications postopératoires sont la bradycardie (trois), l’hypoxémie (un) et, l’apnée et l’hypoxémie (un). Ces dernières se comparent à celles d’études antérieures.ConclusionLe succès de la RA chez un enfant dépend de la qualité de l’évaluation préopératoire, de l’installation appropriée de l’enfant pendant et après la ponction lombaire, du dosage médicamenteux et du monitorage cardio-respiratoire peropératoire et postopératoire. Une dose relativement élevée de tétracaïne ou de bupivacaïne hyperbare, combinée à de l’épinéphrine, devrait être administrée.


Journal of Clinical Anesthesia | 2003

A Comparison of Three Techniques for Acute Postoperative Pain Control Following Major Abdominal Surgery

Arie Shapiro; Edna Zohar; David Hoppenstein; Nisim Ifrach; Robert Jedeikin; Brian Fredman

STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare the analgesic efficacy of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) alone (basic pain treatment) with that of NSAID in conjunction with either intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) or intermittent epidural morphine (epidural morphine), among patients recovering from major intraabdominal surgery; and to assess the fixed and variable costs of providing the respective acute pain treatment modalities. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized study. SETTING Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and surgical departments of a large referral hospital. PATIENTS All patients (n = 358) treated by our Acute Pain Service (APS) who were recovering from major intraabdominal surgery (colectomy, cholecystectomy, colostomy, gastrectomy, splenectomy). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The structure of our APS, analgesic regimens, and the associated patient monitoring and event-response algorithms are detailed. Data of 358 patients recovering from major intraabdominal surgery and treated according to one of the three treatment protocols were collected and analyzed. The cost of providing our APS and the nursing time required to monitor and treat patients in each treatment group were also calculated. The median visual analog scale (VAS) scores were low in all three treatment groups (23.5 mm vs. 6 mm vs. 4, for the basic pain treatment, IV-PCA, and epidural morphine groups, respectively). However, the median VAS was significantly (p < 0.04) lower among patients who received epidural morphine than either the IV-PCA or basic pain treatment groups. Similarly, the number of patients who had at least one episode of a pain VAS >30 mm was significantly (p < 0.04) lower in the epidural morphine group than either of the other two groups. The frequency of nausea and vomiting was similar among the groups. However, the frequency of postoperative pruritus was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the epidural morphine group than the other two groups. Patient satisfaction was unaffected by group allocation. Institutional costs per patient and the nursing time required to provide the APS were lowest in the basic pain treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Considering the respective pain profiles, complication rates, and institutional costs associated with the three analgesic regimens analyzed, the basic pain Treatment alone constitutes a useful alternative to the other two analgesic regimens assessed.


Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-journal Canadien D Anesthesie | 2004

The distance from the skin to the subarachnoid space can be predicted in premature and former-premature infants.

Ze’ev Shenkman; Valeria Rathaus; Robert Jedeikin; Osnat Konen; David Hoppenstein; Mitchell Snyder; Enrique Freud

PurposeSpinal anesthesia can be technically challenging in young infants. We studied whether the distance between the skin and the lumbar subarachnoid space in premature and former-premature young infants could be predicted prior to lumbar puncture.MethodsThe distance from skin entry point to tip of the spinal needle was measured using a caliper after lumbar spinal anesthesia at the L4–5 interspace. This distance was correlated to the patient’s weight, postconceptual age and lumbar ultrasonographic measurement of the skin-to-subarachnoid space and predictive statistical models were sought.ResultsThirty-five premature or former-premature infants were studied. Three models were examined: all three independent variables, weight and postconceptual age only, and weight only. The model selected contained the weight and postconceptual age, because it had the highest value for adjusted R squared, as well as the lowest value for the mean squared error. Adding the ultrasonic measurement to the model worsened the results. The statistical model that described the depth of the subarachnoid space at the L4–5 level was Y = 13.19 + 0.0026 × W −0.12 × PCA, where Y is the distance (mm) from the skin to the subarachnoid space, W is the patient’s weight (g) and PCA is the postconceptual age (weeks). Adjusted R squared was 0.72, mean square error was 2.63 and P< 10−9.ConclusionThe distance between the skin and the subarachnoid space at the level of L4–5 interspace can be predicted using a statistical model based on the infant’s weight and postconceptual age. Spinal ultrasound has no value in L4–5 subarachnoid space depth prediction.RésuméObjectifLa rachianesthésie peut être une technique intéressante à utiliser chez de jeunes enfants. Nous avons vérifié si la distance entre la peau et l’espace sous-arachnoïdien lombaire pouvait être prédite avant la ponction lombaire chez les enfants prématurés et anciens prématurés.MéthodeLa distance entre le point d’entrée cutanée et le bout de l’aiguille rachidienne a été mesurée à l’aide d’un compas à calibrer après la rachianesthésie au niveau L4–5. Cette distance a été mise en corrélation avec le poids du patient, l’âge gestationnel et la mesure échographique lombaire de la distance entre la peau et l’espace sousarachnoïdien; des modèles statistiques de prédiction ont été recherchés.RésultatsL’étude a porté sur 35 bébés prématurés ou anciens prématurés. Trois modèles ont été examinés : les trois variables indépendantes, le poids et l’âge gestationnel seulement, le poids seulement. Nous avons choisi le modèle comportant le poids et l’âge gestationnel, car il présentait la valeur la plus élevée pour le R carré ajusté, et la plus basse valeur pour l’erreur moyenne au carré. Le fait d’ajouter la mesure échographique au modèle a détérioré les résultats. Le modèle statistique qui décrivait la profondeur de l’espace sous-arachnoïdien au niveau L4–5 a été Y= 13,19 + 0,0026 × W −0,12 × APC, où Yest la distance (mm) entre la peau et l’espace sous-arachnoïdien, West le poids du patient (g) et APC est l’âge postconception (semaines). Le R carré ajusté a été de 0,72, l’erreur moyenne au carré a été de 2,63 et P < 10−9.ConclusionLa distance entre la peau et l’espace sous-arachnoïdien au niveau de l’espace intervertébral L4–5 peut être prédite par un modèle statistique fondé sur le poids et l’âge postconception de l’enfant. L’échographie rachidienne n’a pas de valeur pour prédire la profondeur de l’espace sous-arachnoïdien à L4–5.


Pediatric Rheumatology | 2015

Sedation methods for intra-articular corticosteroid injections in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: a review

Amit Oren-Ziv; David Hoppenstein; Ayelet Shles; Yosef Uziel

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IASI), one of the cornerstones of treatment for this disease, is usually associated with anxiety and pain. IASI in JIA may be performed under general anesthesia, conscious sedation, or local anesthesia alone. Currently, there is no widely accepted standard of care regarding the sedation method for IASI. This review discusses the different methods of anesthesia and sedation in this procedure, emphasizing the advantages and shortcomings of each method.


Journal of Clinical Anesthesia | 2005

The frequency and timing of respiratory depression in 1524 postoperative patients treated with systemic or neuraxial morphine

Arie Shapiro; Edna Zohar; Ruth Zaslansky; David Hoppenstein; Shay Shabat; Brian Fredman


Journal of Pediatric Surgery | 2002

Preoperative ultrasound and intraoperative findings of inguinal hernias in children: A prospective study of 642 children

Ilan Erez; Valeria Rathause; Igor Vacian; Edna Zohar; David Hoppenstein; Miriam Werner; Ludwig Lazar; Enrique Freud


Journal of Clinical Anesthesia | 2005

The effects of general vs spinal anesthesia on frontal cerebral oxygen saturation in geriatric patients undergoing emergency surgical fixation of the neck of femur

David Hoppenstein; Edna Zohar; Erez Ramaty; Shay Shabat; Brian Fredman


Journal of Clinical Anesthesia | 2004

The postoperative analgesic efficacy of wound instillation with ropivacaine 0.1% versus ropivacaine 0.2%

Edna Zohar; Arie Shapiro; Alex Phillipov; David Hoppenstein; Zvi Klein; Brian Fredman


Pediatric Surgery International | 2009

Continuous lumbar/thoracic epidural analgesia in low-weight paediatric surgical patients : practical aspects and pitfalls

Ze’ev Shenkman; David Hoppenstein; Ilan Erez; Tzipora Dolfin; Enrique Freud


Orthopaedic Proceedings | 2005

THE EFFECTS OF GENERAL VERSUS SPINAL ANESTHESIA ON FRONTAL CEREBRAL OXYGEN SATURATION (RSO2) IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING EMERGENCY SURGICAL FIXATION OF THE NECK OF FEMUR

David Hoppenstein; Edna Zohar; Erez Ramaty; Shay Shabat; Brian Fredman

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Ze’ev Shenkman

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

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Brian Fredman

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

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Brian Fredman

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

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