David I. Mostofsky

Nutrients, stress, and medical disorders

I. History, Methodology, and Basic Science Stress Revisited: A Methodological and Conceptual History Martha M. Faraday Experimental Protocols for the Study of Stress in Animals and Humans Carla Gambarana Neurobiological Foundations of Stress Michael R. Foy, Jeansok J. Kim, Tracey J. Shors, and Richard F. Thompson The Beneficial Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Supplementation on Neuronal Signaling and Behavior in Aging: Beyond Antioxidants J. A. Joseph, B. Shukitt-Hale, and G. Casadesus Effects of Stress and Nutrition on Blood-Brain Barrier Functions Akihiko Urayama and William A. Banks II. Nutrients and Stress Essential Fatty Acids and Stress Shlomo Yehuda, Sharon Rabinovitz, and David I. Mostofsky Stress, Glucocorticoids, and the Brain R. H. DeRijk and E. R. de Kloet Herbal Products, Stress, and the Mind David Wheatley Stress and Food Craving Sharon Rabinovitz Stress, Alcohol Consumption, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis Maria M. Glavas and Joanne Weinberg Influences on Diet and Stress Across Space and Time: A Contextual Perspective Daniel Kim and Ichiro Kawachi III. Health, Mental Health, and Cognitive Functions Nutrition and Stress and the Developing Fetus Rinat Armony-Sivan and Arthur I. Eidelman Lipids and Depression Basant K. Puri Nicotine, Sleep, and Depression Javier Velazquez-Moctezuma and Rene Drucker-Colin Aggression, Fish Oil, and Noradrenergic Activity Tomohito Hamazaki Stress in the Pathogenesis of Eating Disorders and Obesity Gal Dubnov and Elliot M. Berry IV. Chronic Disorders and Inflammation Effect of Dietary Hypercholesteremia on Host Immune Response Roger M. Loria Treatment of Huntingtons Disease With EicosapentaenoicAcid Basant K. Puri Major Stressors in Womens Health: The Role of Nutrition Adrianne Bendich and Ronit Zilberboim Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Metabolic Syndrome X Undurti N. Das Dietary Management of Stress Using Amino Acid Supplements Miro Smriga and Kunio Torii Conditioned Nutritional Requirements of the Failing Heart Michael J. Sole Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Neuro-Inflammation Sophie Laye and Robert Dantzer Pathophysiological Effects of Inflammatory Mediators and Stress on Distinct Memory Systems Lisa A. Teather The Interaction Between Nutrition and Inflammatory Stress Throughout the Life Cycle Robert F. Grimble Index

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Preparation (SR-3) on Brain Lipids, Biochemistry, and Behavioral and Cognitive Functions

From the time of written history people have tended to divide the world of nutrition into two sections. One section includes all foods that are “fit” for eating, the other section, no less important, includes all the foods that are “unfit” to consume. People have also cherished the belief that certain foods are “good for thought” and other foods are “bad for thought” (Harris, 1985). Furthermore, there are yet those who believe that certain foods contain magical powers. If you want to be brave—it is claimed—the heart of the lion is good food for you. Finally, there is widespread acceptance that certain foods can heal various diseases. The effect of food on thought and behavior has been demonstrated in Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland. Alice not only could change her height when she was drinking the liquid, but also refered to a “treacle well” which could “cure” snakebites and various diseases.

The control of blepharospasm by essential fatty acids.

Dopamine depletion induced by administration of Ro4-1284 produces a condition of rapid and repeated eye blinking in rats. This condition mimics the human disorder, blepharospasm, which often accompanies parkinsonism and other dopamine deficiency disorders. When given a 3-week course of a compound (SR-3) developed from a specific ratio of two free polyunsaturated fatty acids – linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid – the eye blinking rate following administration of Ro4-1284 is reduced to saline and no drug control levels. These results suggest a favorable prospect for essential fatty acids in general, and SR-3 in particular, to provide an improved therapeutic option for the clinical management of benign essential blepharospasm.

PUFA: Mediators for the Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems

Three major systems in the body mediate “information” traffic, namely the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system. Chemical or electrical signals to or from other cells are generated and received, signals are modified, and tissues, organs, and muscles are activated as a result of their activities. Conventional wisdom of the past considered each system as independent from the others and able to interact only with component members of its own domain. More recently, this notion has been challenged, and studies have shown that each system is able to interact with external signals and stimuli and, moreover, that each system could interact with the other two systems. Studies of individual differences in autonomic reactivity not only may help identify a disposition to long-term health changes but may better clarify the convergence of the cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and psychoneuroimmunological systems (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1992). Representative reviews of the bidirectionalities within these systems have been provided elsewhere (Dunn, 1989;1995; Song & Leonard, 2000). The biochemical modulation and mediation of the various activities of these systems and, by extension, the behavioral consequences have received less attention than deserved among behavioral neuroscientists. In this chapter, we will attempt to focus our attention on the role of the lipids as they impact the mutifactorial world of the body economy. In addition, although the bidirectionality that exists globally between behavior and physiology is largely beyond the scope of this chapter, the considerations of stress effects on the dynamics of PUFA regulation and associated behaviors are particularly relevant.

Iron deficiency and overload

Iron deficiency and overload , Iron deficiency and overload , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز