David Isaac

The Valuation of Property Investments

In the seventh edition, the book has been updated and revised to reflect changes in the market, the development of appraisal methods and the subsequent changes in professional practice. The intial overview in Part I of the book, The Economic and Legal Framework, has been revisd to show the present position. Changes in appraisal techniques based on the research of the authors have been incorporated in Part II on Investment Valuation. Revisions have also been made in part II, again based on the research activities of the authors, which examines Investment Appraisal.The serves a number of purposes. First, it provides a critical examination of valuation techniques, with particular reference to the investment method of valuation. Second, it supplies practising valuers and appraisers with more effective data, information and techniques to enable them to carry out their valuations, appraisals and negotiations in an increasily competitive field. Finally, it provides assistance to students and academics in understanding the context of and a range of approaches to the valuation and appraisal of property investments. This book has been a key text in property investment appraisal for more than 30 years, it has sold many thousands of copies globally to academics, students and practitioners.

Property valuation techniques

Thoroughly revised with a new critical edge, this is the perfect guide for students and practitioners. The authors use a wealth of real-world applications and worked examples to cover traditional and new approaches, and include new material on sustainability, a new chapter on residential leasehold property and more on risk techniques.

ENFORCEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS IN NIGERIA: AN EXPLORATION

After the European Concert of 1815, “Old” Europe, characterized from ongoing wars for power, experienced the longest pediod of peace it ever had. In 40 years there were no war between the Great Powers. After the war at Crime in 1854, there was no general war for another 60 years. This was due to a strong equilibrium, wich proposed the existence of France, Germany, Austro-Hungary and Russia as main elements, having the support of England wich had the naval fleet superiority. The Balkan Wars of the 1912-1913 are the most important event in the history of the Balkan people and beyond. They are composed of a series sharp and bloody conflicts that swept Eastern Europe in the recent years. If we talk about the origins of the war, we must emphasize that the situation of the Balkan wars at the time and especially the situation that followed, was very alike to the conditions that existed before the Turks came to Europe. At that time, both during and after the Balkan Wars, the Christian states constantly fought against each other for hegemony in the peninsula. For the more serious and real judgment we should also see the impact and performance of the situations and events in the Balkans, with the new changes in the geopolitics of the European continent, at least since the early nineteenth century and the credit for this goes to the European Concert (1815).The Krena river based on its length has bigger flow than Llukaci river, and both of them spillat Ereniku river. The purpose of this study is to provide details on the quality of the waterof Krena river and its flow to the Ereniku river. The study and monitoring performed in of this paper annual period january-december 2011gives its physical-chemical results as:Iron,Manganese,nitrites,nitrates,Aluminium,phosphate,consumption of Potassium permanganate,dissolved Oxygen,water temperature,air temperature,pH value etc.Water samples were taken in polyethylene bottles of 500 ml, which initially are well cleaned.Some of parameters were measured at the location of the taken sample, since other analyzes were sent immediately to the laboratory and analyzes were made,based on pH value, conductometric,turbidymetric, spectro photometric etc. The given results show the quality of the pollution of Krena river as result of discharge of pollutants , municipal and industrial.Reading & understanding a text means being able to spot the ideas in it; to understand the given knowledge in order to compare them with the previous ones; to imply; to notice what is important, to split the known from the unknown in order to make use of ones knowledge. Readability is on the same rank with usability. Lexical knowledge and background make up two of the most essential elements that define the readability of a text. Precise reading, different techniques to ease its understanding has continuously changed especially in these years when its understanding is measured through testing. Reading comprehension development phases from analyses to synthesis enable you to deepen its study. In the long run, this study passed from a simple reading without defining objective to the one with measurable objective. Deepening the study for reading, increase its importance in a general communication in foreign language. Its complexity in many areas, affects not only the actors that play inside a class but also even the ones outside it.Inclusive education is priority in many educational systems. It seems that educational process could not be effective and successful if it is not inclusive one. Educational policy demands creating inclusive practice which means that every one would find his place and could be treated according to different needs that pupils have. It is not easy to develop educational philosophy and to implement it. On that way there are any obstacles, challenges, but the way is the only one. Those decades are dedicated to efforts to make educational process and system inclusive one. Every country has his story. We share our story so that we can collect suggestions and offer experience for all who must follow this way.Urbanization brings a sustainable development as it closely relates to demography, the movement of population. After 1990, in contrast to the communist regime era a shift from the planned population movements, to congestion mainly toward Tirana and other coastal areas has been noticed. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact that the population movement has had into our country’s urban development. Urbanization is considered to be a major component for the economic growth of a country, especially in coastal areas, in which it is more incentive for sustainable development. The urbanization has passed through several stages: pre-industrial, industrial and postindustrial one. It is seen as a means to improve civilization, while bringing more progress and development. So we may ask: Was it worth a movement of population without a plan in Albania and should we put nowadays a planning strategy for the urbanization and demography?The environmental politics has assumed in the last times a wide and transversal dimension, focused on problems and relations of a complex system such as the environment, in the whose inner different elements act and put equity and disequity problems. With the new strategy, the European Community means to pursue the integration of environmental sustainability goals (Goteborg Agenda) with those of the economic and social development (Lisbon Agenda), the environmental politics integrate therefore substantially to the problems of social-economic development. The adoption of systems of eco-management from a relevant number of companies even in the touristic sector and their certification in conformity with international and European standards represent an important innovation element, following to this strategy inclined to conjugate the development with the protection of the environment. The systems of environmental management have by now become a distinctive element of the companies which aim to cover a relevant role in the competitive national and international scenery, even because their nature itself makes them verifiable from third independent subjects and suitable to stimulate the continuous improvement of environmental and productive performances. Object of the present work is the analysis of the project management for the improvement of the quality of services in the tourism sector which allows to obtain the Emas/Ecolabel certification in a touristic structure in South Italy.In this article are given on alternative energy considerations, including these forms of production: • Solar Energy (Photovoltaic) • Wind Energy • Biomass Energy • Biogas • Biodiesel Where are given technological considerations for the application of each case in the Albanian territory.The economic crime as a system of groupings of types of criminal acts with similar characteristics in modern conditions is characterized by a rich and diverse criminal phenomenology, adaptable to all stadiums of the development of society. The financial crime is part of the economic crime which is rapidly evolving and expanding causing huge material damage, as that undermines the foundations of the functioning of any country, especially some that ten years ago transited from contract in a trading economy, what is case of the Republic of Macedonia. The article presents observations of the current situation with financial crime in the Republic of Macedonia, which highlight the specifics regarding the actions of all subjects included in the fight against this difficult and complex phenomenon. It’s rightfully to point out the need for specialized treatment of financial crime in managing financial investigations as well as criminal operating items. For this purpose are applied modern criminality tools and methods derived primarily from the bosom of conspiratorial police and judicial instruments and methods provided by the Law of the Financial Police. Resolved financial crime in the country is not a reflection of reality, given that this area is with extremely high “dark number”.Public services and their management have a great influence in the development of the local economy of a country. During the process of transformation of the community in an intense computing system of information, the offering of these services through information technology, in an effective, fast, transparent and safe mannerin accordance with citizens and businessneeds are very important. Referring to makers of online declaration, this is an important measurethat will influence in increasing the effectiveness of tax administration, to minimize the tax evasion in labour market, and to facilitate the exchange between two important institutions: Tax Office and Social Insurance directory. However, this online information exchange between these two institutions, aims in facilitating the data exchange between these two directories, with the purpose of establishing a clear evidence of the data of social insurance payments from that of businesses and citizens. This exchange will help the history creation, for each social insurance payer, thereby helping them in having the necessary profits from these paid contributions.Christianity as a consummate and the most individualized religion, allows one to best harmonize the relationships between an individual, society, and the state. Christianity roots in the fundamental sentiment of personal responsibility for own thoughts and deeds. That the Christian doctrine has an immense variety of tools to resolve the whole gamut of socio-political issues has been brilliantly evidenced in hosts of victories on a civilization scale. Being a pro-active religion, Christianity has been the driving force behind the groundbreaking, epoch-making processes both at political and scientific level. Christianity has brought about a new model of state economy basing on equity and liberalism. However, having swerved from good intentions, the modern Christian nations are caught in the economic crisis, facing the urgency to regain their economic strength lavished on the rest of civilizations. The only way to reach this is to reconsider Christian values.

Environmental management issues in China: problems and strategies

Argues that although the development of the real estate market in China has been well documented, one of the most interesting, yet chaotic, issues in this market has not been fully covered. This is that of the problems and opportunities arising from the need for management of properties built. The supply of prime office buildings in the major cities in China has been unprecedented because of the strong demand from local and overseas companies. To preserve the investment value of the buildings, there is a great need for good management. Provides an overview of environmental management issues experienced in China. Discusses this in three sections: the existing environmental problems; future environmental problems and strategies for environmental protection.

The determinants of business performance of estate agency in England and Wales

Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate the factors influencing the business performance of estate agency in England and Wales.Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates the effect of housing market, company size and pricing policy on business performance in the estate agency sector in England and Wales. The analysis uses the survey data of Woolwich Cost of Moving Survey (a survey of transactions costs sponsored by the Woolwich/Barclays Bank) from 2003 to 2005 to test the hypothesis that the business performance of estate agency is affected by industry characteristics and firm factors.Findings – The empirical analysis indicates that the business performance of estate agency is subject to market environment volatility such as market uncertainty, housing market liquidity and house price changes. The firm factors such as firm size and the level of agency fee have no explanatory power in explaining business performance. The level of agency fee is positively associated with firm size, market enviro...

Ownership structure and corporate performance: empirical evidence of China’s listed property companies

This paper investigates the relationship of ownership structure and corporate performance of China’s listed property companies. Data from all the listed property companies on China’s stock market from 2000 to 2002 were used to study ownership concentration, type of controlling shares and their relation to corporate performance. The methodology applied is the conventional ordinary least square (OLS) model which is widely used in empirical studies on corporate governance. The study shows that ownership concentration has a positive association with corporate performance. Also that state shareholding is positively related to corporate performance; this is inconsistent with other empirical studies on the ownership structure and corporate performance of China’s listed companies and rflects the industry’s characteristics.

The Development of Urban Land Policy in China

Describes the historical background to urban land policy in China. Since 1979, policies of economic reform have been instituted. In the new “socialist market economy”, incentive‐based competition between enterprises has arisen and managers and workers now have interest and returns more closely allied to profitability. Describes recent legislation to consolidate the moves to reform the land market. Urban land reform has provided a supply of land on to the market to establish a functioning property market. It has restrained land use in agriculture, diverting land to a higher, more profitable use.

Interest Rates and Yields

The relationship between market rates of interest which are inclusive of inflation and real rates of interest which exclude inflation is given by the equation

Sole agency vs multi‐agency: an investigation of agency practice across England and Wales

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of different agency practice on agency fees, business efficiency, and housing market liquidity.Design/methodology/approach – The paper studies the effect of sole and multiple agency practices on estate agent efficiency, housing market liquidity, and commission fee levels. The analysis uses the survey data from 2000 to 2006 to investigate the different agency practices across England and Wales and their effect on estate agency business efficiency, housing market liquidity, selling price, and fee levels.Findings – The empirical analysis confirms that agency practice has a locality bias, that is, some regions are more likely to adopt sole agency practice than other regions. The estate agents with a sole agency practice charge a lower agency fee, help clients to achieve better selling price and are more efficient; whereas multiple agency practice facilitates liquidity in the housing market, but experiences higher fall‐through rate.Research limit...

Types of Investment

The established classification of property investments changed in the 1980s with the addition of high-tech developments, retail warehouses, retail parks, mixed used developments and speciality shops. Workshop conversions with residential or studio space also created an innovative sub-sector. Some of these new categories were encouraged by the changes in planning controls. The Town and Country Planning Use Classes Order 1987 lists the categories of property use and within each classification it is possible to change use without any additional planning consent. This legislation established the class B1, which is a business class allowing movement across the divide from light industrial use to office use. This change caused a remarkable shake-up in the office sector but more so in the industrial sector. Business space became a recognised sector of the investment market dealing with B1 properties, and in addition the concept of business parks was established as opposed to dealing with a block of offices or an industrial estate. The legislation allowed this change of use within the band of uses as long as substantial external physical alterations were not required. However, any change of use which required movement between one class and another required specific consent. Class B1, as well as combining office use with light industrial use, also generally indicated a high-tech usage or specification to the building.