David Lovell

Alternatives to animal use in research, testing and education: Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988. pp. vii + 441.

ing and Citation Services In research and testing, several hundred thousand scientific articles in thousands of journals are published each year in the primary literature (6). Abstracting and indexing services and bibliographic services play a vital role in making these accessible to those who need them. (An index based on references cited, or citations, permits the user to follow the literature into the future to locate pertinent articles. For example, a user with a 1981 article in hand who is seeking related, more recent publications can consult a citation index to identify 1985 publications that referenced the 1981 article.) Because animals are used for a variety of research purposes (see chs. 5 and 6), however, and because testing is interdisciplinary (see chs. 7 and 8), information may be indexed in the fields of chemistry, biology, pharmacology, medicine, and so on. 224 ● Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education Abstracting and indexing services and bibliographic services have existed since the 17th century and have grown in number and size as published literature has expanded. The first major services for scientific information were published by professional societies (e.g., Chemical Abstracts). Some were sponsored by the Federal Governmenting and indexing services and bibliographic services have existed since the 17th century and have grown in number and size as published literature has expanded. The first major services for scientific information were published by professional societies (e.g., Chemical Abstracts). Some were sponsored by the Federal Government (e.g., Air Pollution Abstracts and AGRICOLA) or by commercial enterprises (e.g., Current