David Primo

Evaluation of weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with rs9939609 gene variant.

Common polymorphisms of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) have been linked to obesity in some populations. One of these genetic variants (rs9939609) has been related to an increased risk of obesity.

Resistin levels in morbid obese patients following the biliopancreatic diversion surgery.

Previous studies addressing the changes of resistin concentrations in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in serum resistin levels 1 year after biliopancreatic diversion in morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus. A cohort of 39 morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus was operated. Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation were realized at basal visit and at each visit. The frequency of patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia was recorded at each visit. Overall the mean patient age was 44.8 ± 14.1, and the mean preoperative BMI was 47.3 ± 6.5 kg/m². After one year of surgery, a significant decrease was observed in BMI, weight, waist circumference, fat mass, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Resistin levels did not change after surgery (5.61 ± 1.93 ng/ml vs. 6.41 ± 3.58 ng/ml; ns). Correlation analysis showed a positive association between basal resistin and weight (r = 0.68, p < 0.01) and fat mass (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). Resistin concentrations did not change after massive weight loss with biliopancreatic diversion in morbid obese patients without diabetes mellitus.

Effects of duodenal-jejunal exclusion on beta cell function and hormonal regulation in Goto-Kakizaki rats

BACKGROUND The aim of our work was to investigate the hormones that control glycemic status and in vitro β-cell function in diabetes mellitus after a duodenal-jejunal exclusion in Goto-Kakizaki rats (Taconic, Denmark). METHODS Twenty-three rats (age, 12-14 wk) were randomized as follows: group 1 (n = 14), no intervention (control); or group 2 (n = 9), duodenal-jejunal exclusion. RESULTS In group 2, levels of glucagon and leptin were lower than in group 1 at 1 week and at 8 weeks. Glucagon-like peptide 1 levels had a significant increase at 8 weeks from basal value in group 2 and this value was higher than in group 1. The insulin secretion at 60 minutes in group 2 was higher than in group 1 (group 1, 12.9 ± 12.0 μg/L vs group 2, 41.9 ± 36.3 μg/L; P < .05). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of insulin at 2 months was higher in the rat pancreas of the experimental group than in the control group (group 1, .99 ± .48 mRNA amount vs group 2, 1.66 ± .33 mRNA amount; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Gastrojejunal bypass in this model improves glucose ratios, with a significant increase of glucagon-like peptide 1 and decrease of homeostasis model assessment, glucagon, and leptin levels after surgery. This type of surgery improves mRNA insulin expression in pancreatic islets and insulin secretion as well.

Lack of association of serum resistin levels with metabolic syndrome criteria in obese female patients

BACKGROUND As unclear data of resistin relation with metabolic syndrome has been published, we decide to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and resistin levels in female obese subjects. SUBJECTS A sample of 551 female obese subjects was analyzed. A complete nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed. RESULTS Levels of C reactive protein, weight, fat mass and waist circumference were higher in patients in the highest tertile group of resistin than the lowest and middle tertiles of resistin. In the multivariate analysis with metabolic syndrome presence/absence-, only fat mass remained as an independent predictor in the model. Resistin concentration increases 0.020 ng/ml (CI95%:0.006-0.038) for each kg of fat mass in female obese subjects. CONCLUSION Only fat mass was associated in an independent way. Serum resistin was not associated with the accumulation of MetS factors or the diagnosis of MetS in obese female subjects.

Roles of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) on weight loss and adipocytokines after a hypocaloric diet

BACKGROUND A intragenic biallelic polymorphism (1359 G/A) of the CB1 gene resulting in the substitution of the G to A at nucleotide position 1359 in codon 435 (Thr), was reported as a common polymorphism in Caucasian populations. Intervention studies with this polymorphism have not been realized. OBJECTIVE We decided to investigate the role of the polymorphism (G1359A) of CB1 receptor gene on adipocytokines response and weight loss secondary to a lifestyle modification (Mediterranean hypocaloric diet and exercise) in obese patients. DESIGN A population of 94 patients with obesity was analyzed. Before and after 3 months on a hypocaloric diet, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined G1359A and A1359A as a group and wild type G1359G as second group, with a dominant model. RESULTS Forty seven patients (50%) had the genotype G1359G (wild type group) and 47 (50%) patients G1359A (41 patients, 43.6%) or A1359A (6 patients, 6.4%) (mutant type group) had the genotype. In wild and mutant type groups, weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure decreased. In mutant type group, resistin (4.15 ± 1.7 ng/ml vs. 3.90 ± 2.1 ng/ml: P < 0.05), leptin (78.4 ± 69 ng/ml vs 66.2 ± 32 ng/ml: P < 0.05) and IL-6 (1.40 ± 1.9 pg/ml vs 0.81 ± 1.5 pg/ml: P < 0.05) levels decreased after dietary treatment. CONCLUSION The novel finding of this study is the association of the mutant allele (A1359) with a decrease of resistin, leptin and interleukin-6 secondary to weight loss.

Effect of Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 2 Ala54Thr Genotype on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors After a High–Polyunsaturated Fat Diet in Obese Patients

Background It has been found that the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 2 messenger RNA is under dietary control. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Thr54 polymorphism in the FABP2 gene on weight loss and secondarily in cardiovascular risk factors and serum adipokine after an enriched polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese patients. Design A sample of 111 obese patients was analyzed. The enriched polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet during 3 months’ intervention consisted of 1459 kcal, 45.7% carbohydrates, 34.4% lipids, and 19.9% proteins. The distribution of fats was as follows: 21.8% saturated fats, 55.5% monounsaturated fats, and 22.7% polyunsaturated fats. Level of significance was P < 0.05. Results In Ala54Ala genotype, body mass index (−1.6 ± 1.5 kg/m2), weight (−3.2 ± 3.3 kg), fat mass (−3.1 ± 3.5 kg), and waist circumference (−3.3 ± 2.1 cm) decreased. In carriers of the Thr54 allele, body mass index (−1.9 ± 1.6 kg/m2), weight (− 4.7 ± 1.4 kg), and waist circumference (−3.9 ± 3.7 cm) decreased. These changes were significantly higher in the carriers of the Thr54 allele than noncarriers. Only in the carriers of Thr54 allele, total cholesterol levels (−11.4 ± 20.6 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (−5.4 ± 10.6 mg/dL), insulin (−2.6 ± 3.4 MUI/L), and the level of homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (−0.9 ± 1.7 U) decreased. Conclusion Carriers of Thr54 allele have a better metabolic response than obese carriers with Ala54Ala genotype, with a decrease of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin levels, leptin levels, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity.

Visfatin levels in female, morbid, nondiabetic obese patients after biliopancreatic diversion surgery

BACKGROUND Visfatin was recently identified as a protein preferentially expressed in visceral adipose tissue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in serum visfatin levels after biliopancreatic diversion and the association of the changes observed with other parameters in morbidly nondiabetic obese women. METHODS A sample of 27 morbidly obese women (body mass index >40 kg/m(2)) were operated. The biochemical and anthropometric parameters were measured at the initial visit and 1 year after surgery. The frequency of patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia was recorded at 1 year. RESULTS The mean patient age was 46.0 ± 13.0 years, and the mean preoperative body mass index was 46.3 ± 13.1 kg/m(2). The body mass index, weight, waist circumference, fat mass, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had decreased significantly. The visfatin levels did not change after surgery (5.70 ± 1.84 ng/mL versus 6.12 ± 1.68 ng/mL; P = NS). The correlation analysis showed a positive association between the baseline visfatin and total cholesterol level (r = 0.49; P <.01). CONCLUSION The massive weight reduction 1 year after biliopancreatic diversion was not associated with a significant change in the circulating visfatin levels in morbidly obese women.

Evaluation of Weight Loss and Adipocytokine Levels after Two Hypocaloric Diets with Different Macronutrient Distribution in Obese Subjects with the rs6923761 Gene Variant of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor

Background: The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) variants on body weight response after dietary intervention has not been evaluated so far. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate weight loss and adipocytokine levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with rs6923761. Design: A sample of 280 obese subjects was randomized to two hypocaloric diets. Results: 124 patients (44.3%) had the genotype GG (wild-type) and 156 (55.7%) had another genotype (mutant), i.e. GA (n = 132, 47.1%) or AA (n = 24, 8.6%). With the type I diet (low in carbohydrates) in the wild-type and mutant groups, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, insulin resistance and triglycerides decreased. Anthropometric parameters were higher in non-A-allele carriers than A-allele carriers. With the type II diet (low in fats) in all genotypes, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, insulin levels, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased. Conclusion: Our data showed better anthropometric parameters in obese subjects with the mutant allele (A) of the rs6923761 GLP-1R polymorphism. A lack of association of this polymorphism with weight loss or biochemical parameters after two different hypocaloric diets was observed.

Basal Glucagonlike Peptide 1 Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Patients

Objective Glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1) is the most potent stimulator of glucose-induced insulin secretion. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships of basal circulating GLP-1 and metabolic syndrome in obese patients without cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods A sample of 202 obese patients was enrolled. Dietary intake, weight, bioimpedance, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood triglycerides, and GLP-1 levels were measured in all patients. To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, the definitions of the Adult Treatment Panel III was considered. Results Patients were divided at the median of GLP-1 value (8.02 ng/dL): group 1 (n = 101) and group 2 (n = 101). Metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence was higher in patients with the lowest median group of GLP-1 (52.5% vs 38.6%; P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation among serum GLP-1 levels and the independent variables; waist-to-hip ratio (r = −0.15; P < 0.05), glucose (r = −0.15; P < 0.05), total cholesterol (r = −0.22; P < 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.27; P < 0.05). In the logistic analysis with MS presence/absence as an independent variable, only weight and GLP-1 levels remained in the model. Weight shows an odds ratio of 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.13) by each increase of 1 kg of weight, and GLP-1 levels shows an odds ratio of 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.99) by each increase of 1 ng/dL of GLP-1 levels. Conclusions Obese patients with MS had lower mean GLP-1 levels than those without MS. Glucagonlike peptide 1 levels remained as a preventive factor to develop MS.

Basal GLP-1 Levels in Morbidly Obese Patients following Biliopancreatic Diversion Surgery

Background: Previous studies addressing the changes of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery have demonstrated conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in serum GLP-1 levels 9 months after biliopancreatic diversion in morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus. Methods: A sample of 40 morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus was enrolled. Biochemical and anthropometrical evaluations were conducted at basal and 9 months after surgery. Results: The mean patient age was 46.6 ± 13.1 years, and the mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 47.1 ± 18.1. A significant decrease in BMI, weight, waist circumference, fat mass, glucose, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels was observed after 9 months. Serum basal GLP-1 levels did not change after surgery (0.65 ± 0.18 ng/ml vs. 0.66 ± 0.17 ng/ml; n.s.). Postsurgical correlation analysis showed a negative association between basal GLP-1 and HDL cholesterol (r = –0.57; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Fasting GLP-1 concentrations did not change after massive weight loss with biliopancreatic diversion in morbidly obese patients without diabetes mellitus.