David S. North

The Long Grey Welcome: A Study of the American Naturalization Program.

This study examines the administrative structure of the federal naturalization program. Although the formal award of citizenship is made by the federal and some state courts, the de facto core of the naturalization process is the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (I.N.S.). The article follows a typical naturalization applicant through the application process and examines some of the roadblocks faced. I.N.S. administrative procedures are also examined to delineate the evolution of some of the current difficulties. Finally, the author suggests possible remedies to current administrative problems.

Immigrant workers and trade unions

The central thrust of this study has been to examine the various dimensions of the relationship between trade unions and their NESB (non-English speaking background) members and to analyse the perceptions of this relationship, and of each other, held by both parties. The existing level of knowledge on the relationship is brought together in a review of the literature in Chapter 1. This review highlights both the relative paucity of material and its dated nature. Further, most publications were based on limited or no research but rather relied on the views and opinions either of individuals or of union activists. Accordingly, the review focused mainly on a limited number of significant studies. The arguments and findings of these studies were then fused with the contentions of the activist-based material to identify for analysis the major elements of the relationship between unions and their NESB members. Some elements of this relationship could be tested factually, for example, the level and extent of special union services targeted to NESB members. Others necessitated a mixture of qualitative and quantitative testing.

Down Under Amnesties: Background, Programs, and Comparative Insights.

Australia, proportionately, accepts more immigrants than the United States and, consequently, immigrants and immigration policy carry a greater impact there, than in the United States. Although Australias location limits its experience with undocumented migrants, there have been enough of them to cause Australia to conduct three alien legalization programs in 1973, 1976 and 1980. Australias small-scale programs, by U.S. standards, provide some useful lessons to the U.S.

The Immigration of Non-Professional Workers to the United States

Although there has been much more attention paid recently, and understandably, to the rapidly increasing number of professional immigrants, the non-professional immigrant is still very much with us, and worthy of continued attention. In the years since the passage of the McCarran-Walter Act, the immigrants without professional credentials have been playing a lesser role, proportionately, in our immigration picture. During the early fifties, for instance, the proportion of non-professionals to professionals among immigrants was in the six-to-one to seven-to-one range; in fiscal 1970 that ratio was below 2.5 to one. In 1970, as a matter of fact, the percentage of all immigrants who reported non-professional occupations dipped below 30% for the first time. In 1970,29.8% of the immigrants indicated to the Government that they had non-professional occupations, 12.4% claimed professional occupations, 55.0% reported no paid occupations (housewives, students, children, etc.) while the balance of 2.8% did not report at all. (See Table 1.) Another useful way to view the decrease in the proportion of nonprofessionals among the immigrants is to look at the average percentage of non-professionals among the immigrants in three six-year periods, 1953-1958, 1959-1964, and 1965-1970. The average percentage was 40.2% in the first period, 37.3% in the second, and only 32.2% in the third. While the proportion of non-professional immigrants has been dropping, their total numbers have remained reasonably constant over recent years. A comparison of the 1962 and 1970 totals in Table II is particularly instrucnive. While the number of professional immigrants virtually doubled from 23,710in 1962 to46,151 in 1970, the total number of non-professionals remained constant-lll,1l4 in 1962 and 111,038 in 1970. This phenomenon has been caused by the increase in total immigration, which has been sufficiently sizeable to account for the decreasing proportion of non-professional immigrants.

Illegal Aliens in the Western Hemisphere: Political and Economic Factors.

The authors examine the patterns causes and consequences of illegal migration in the Western Hemisphere. They discuss government policies regarding illegal migration the costs and benefits to the countries involved the extent to which these countries become socially and economically interdependent and the political social and cultural impact of illegal aliens. Specific chapters cover illegal Mexican and other aliens in North America clandestine migration between Colombia and Venezuela and clandestine immigration into Argentina and within the Southern Cone