Davor Svetinovic

Strategic Closed-Loop Facility Location Problem With Carbon Market Trading

The burgeoning environmental regulations are forcing companies to green their supply chains by integrating all of their business value-adding operations so as to minimize the impact on the environment. One dimension of greening the supply chain is extending the forward supply chain to collection and recovery of products in a closed-loop configuration. Remanufacturing is the basis of profit-oriented reverse logistics in which recovered products are restored to a marketable condition in order to be resold to the primary or secondary market. In this paper, we introduce a multiechelon multicommodity facility location problem with a trading price of carbon emissions and a cost of procurement. The company might either incur costs if the carbon cap, normally assigned by regulatory agencies, is lower than the total emissions, or gain profit if the carbon cap is higher than the total emissions. A numerical study is presented which studies the impact of different carbon prices on cost and configuration of supply chains.

Security and Privacy in Decentralized Energy Trading Through Multi-Signatures, Blockchain and Anonymous Messaging Streams

Smart grids equipped with bi-directional communication flow are expected to provide more sophisticated consumption monitoring and energy trading. However, the issues related to the security and privacy of consumption and trading data present serious challenges. In this paper we address the problem of providing transaction security in decentralized smart grid energy trading without reliance on trusted third parties. We have implemented a proof-of-concept for decentralized energy trading system using blockchain technology, multi-signatures, and anonymous encrypted messaging streams, enabling peers to anonymously negotiate energy prices and securely perform trading transactions. We conducted case studies to perform security analysis and performance evaluation within the context of the elicited security and privacy requirements.

A Differential Sequence Component Protection Scheme for Microgrids With Inverter-Based Distributed Generators

The protection of a microgrid containing inverter- based distributed generators (IBDGs) presents several problems if traditional techniques which rely on the current (fuses and overcurrent relays) are used. A possible solution to these problems is the use of a new type of the relay which takes advantage of the enhanced processing techniques and communication infrastructure, both of which are recently becoming available for power networks application. This paper proposes a new communication-based protection scheme for isolated microgrids where a data mining approach is used to identify the relay settings and parameters. A feature selection technique is implemented to help identify the most relevant electrical features required for the fault detection and to establish the best communication strategy to use between relays. The proposed approach is tested using a MATLAB simulation of a facility scale isolated microgrid embedded with IBDGs. The results show that a differential protection scheme that relies on symmetrical components is the most effective strategy for protecting microgrids with IBDGs.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the security quality requirements engineering (SQUARE) method: a case study using smart grid advanced metering infrastructure

This paper presents an evaluation of the security quality requirements engineering (SQUARE) method. The evaluation of SQUARE was conducted by its application on the advanced metering infrastructure of smart grid as a case study. We evaluated the effectiveness of SQUARE with respect to its ability to elicit a set of artifacts, threats, and vulnerabilities; to perform likelihood, impact analysis, and risk level determination; and to elicit, categorize, and prioritize the security requirements. The main contribution of this work is the evaluation of the effectiveness of SQUARE using qualitative security requirements engineering method evaluation criteria.

On confusion between requirements and their representations

Requirements representations are often confused with requirements. This confusion is not just widespread in practice, but it exists even in the latest requirements engineering research and theory, leading to a number of negative consequences. In this article, we discuss these negative consequences, and present a solution based on a strict distinction between requirements per se and requirements representations. We elaborate on this distinction and classify different forms of representations in a unified requirements representations ontology, including a refinement of descriptive and model-based requirements representations.

Hierarchical Decomposition and Multidomain Formulation for the Design of Complex Sustainable Systems

Designing a large-scale complex system, such as a city of the future, with a focus on sustainability requires a systematic approach toward integrated design of all subsystems. Domains such as buildings, transportation, energy, and water are all coupled. Designing each one in isolation can lead to suboptimality where sustainability is achieved in one aspect but at the expense of other aspects. Traditional ad hoc allocations of design parameter precedence and dependence cannot be used for cases where new (instead of only mature) architectures are to be explored. A methodology is introduced for addressing design problems of complex sustainable systems that is comprised of, on the one hand, a hierarchical decomposition that includes multilevel abstraction and design parameter identification, and on the other hand, a multidomain formulation, which includes parameter dependency identification, design cycle identification and decision structuring, and scoping. The application of the methodology for the design of a new urban development, Masdar City in Abu Dhabi, with over 220 different form and behavior parameter sets is shown.

Strategic requirements engineering for complex sustainable systems

The development of complex sustainable systems presents a number of challenges in requirements engineering (RE). It is difficult to elicit, analyze, and specify interdisciplinary system requirements that have to be fulfilled in order to develop a complex sustainable system. This paper argues for a need for a significant shift in the underlying RE ideas and premises in order to effectively cope with RE challenges of complex sustainable systems development. We present the main requirements for the development of strategic RE methods based on a number of systems, methodological, and epistemological perspective shifts. Strategic RE paradigm shift facilitates adaptation of primarily technological system-specific RE knowledge in order to handle large scale interdisciplinary sustainability-related RE challenges. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16

System Security Requirements Analysis: A Smart Grid Case Study

One of the main concerns in development and operation of mission-critical systems is system security. It is of critical importance to properly specify and implement system security requirements. In this paper, we apply a system security requirements analysis method to elicit, specify, categorize, and prioritize the system security requirements on the smart grid as a complex system-of-systems case study. In particular, we apply the Security Quality Requirements Engineering SQUARE method as a representative system security requirements analysis method. The main contributions of this research are the smart grid customer domain security requirements specification and its analysis from the system-of-systems perspective. We elicited a large proportion of system and system-of-systems vulnerabilities and requirements, and used them to specify secure smart grid intersystem interactions.

A taxonomy of security and privacy requirements for the Internet of Things (IoT)

Capturing security and privacy requirements in the early stages of system development is essential for creating sufficient public confidence in order to facilitate the adaption of novel systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT). However, security and privacy requirements are often not handled properly due to their wide variety of facets and aspects which make them difficult to formulate. In this study, security-related requirements of IoT heterogeneous systems are decomposed into a taxonomy of quality attributes, and existing security mechanisms and policies are proposed to alleviate the identified forms of security attacks and to reduce the vulnerabilities in the future development of the IoT systems. Finally, the taxonomy is applied on an IoT smart grid scenario.

Inter-Domain Analysis of Smart Grid Domain Dependencies Using Domain-Link Matrices

Developers of the smart grid have proposed a number of independent smart grid architectures. This has resulted in a lack of common vision and understanding of the common smart grid reference architecture. In particular, there is a lack of understanding of various inter-domain relationships and dependencies among technical and business domains within the smart grid. This paper presents an inter-domain analysis of these complex dependencies among the business and technical domains of the smart grid using Domain-Link Matrices. This inter-domain analysis clarifies and bridges the technical architecture to the business architecture. The aim is to maintain the rationale for the solutions developed in the technical domains in order to solve the problems of the business domains; and, as such, this analysis contributes toward further development and refinement of the smart grid reference architecture.