Dean F. Anderson

Effects of Age, Sex, and Placement of a Model on Children's Performance on a Ball-Striking Task

The present investigation examined the effects of age, sex, and temporal placement of a model on performance of a ball-striking task. 90 boys and 90 girls, aged 7 and 9 yr., were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The model was presented before any trials were attempted, midway, or not at all during 16 trials. A 2 (age) X 2 (sex) X 3 (model condition) X 16 (trials) repeated-measures design was utilized. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects of age and sex and interactions of age and sex, and of age and trials for number of ball hits in 20 sec. Findings support previous research which indicated that age, sex, and model are important influences on motor performance.

Eating disordered behaviors: a comparison of male and female university students.

This study compared male and female students on measures characteristic of eating disordered behavior. Measures investigated were subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory and of the Restrained Eating Scale. Results indicated that both males and females reported a fundamental pattern of eating disordered behavior. This pattern consisted of going on and off diets with an accompanying complaint of a lack of confidence in recognizing and identifying sensations of hunger and satiety. Females differed from males in that they reported more anorexic behavior and scored significantly higher on most measures of eating disordered behavior. Although the fundamental pattern of disordered eating leading to bulimia may be similar between the sexes, females appear to be at greater risk to the development of these behaviors.

Differences in motives and points of attachment by season ticket status: a case study of ACHA.

We investigated differences in motives (vicarious achievement, aesthetics, drama, escape, social interaction, aggression, knowledge, appreciation of physical skill, interest in hockey and interest in college sport) between Season Ticket Holders (STH) and Single Game Ticket Purchasers (SGP) attending a national tournament for intercollegiate club hockey teams. STH and SGP differed on the number of games attended and the number of games intending to attend, giving support for our hypothesis that STH were fans and SGP were spectators. Because we found no significant group differences on team identification (cognitive loyalty), we controlled for it to determine if the two groups differed on motives. We found significant group differences on five motives: escape, knowledge, drama, aggression and interest in hockey. In contrast, the two groups did not differ on vicarious achievement, aesthetics, appreciation of physical skills, social interaction and interest in collegiate sport. All respondents rated these motives relatively highly in general.

Effects of Age and Temporal Placement of a Modeled Skill on Children's Performance on a Balance Task

The present investigation explored the effect of age and temporal placement of a modelled skill on performance on a balance task. 60 boys, aged 7 and 9 yr., were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. The model was presented before any trials were attempted, midway, or not at all during 12 trials. A 2 (age) × 3 (model condition) × 12 (trials) repeated-measures design was utilized. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects of age, temporal appearance of the model, and an interaction of model by age for time on-balance. Model affected younger subjects but not older ones. Treatment did not affect off-balance errors. Findings for age and temporal placement are not consistent with some previous research.

An examination of Oliver’s product loyalty framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test Oliver’s two-dimension (fortitude and community/social support) product loyalty framework. Design/methodology/approach – Oliver categorized each of the two dimensions into high and low, creating a two-by-two framework: low fortitude and low-community/social support (Product Superiority group); low fortitude and high-community/social support (Village Envelopment group); high fortitude and low-community/social support (Determined Self-isolation group); high fortitude and high-community/social support (Immersed Self-identity group). The paper uses two samples. The sample from Study 1 was season ticket holders (n=199) of a West Coast (USA) Major League Baseball team. Results indicated preliminary support for Oliver’s four groups and good psychometric properties of the fan community scale and the individual fortitude scale (IFS). Study 2 focussed on attendees (n=458) at two East Coast (USA) Major League Baseball venues. Findings – The multivariate GLM indicated si...