Débora Astoni Moreira

Removal of the phenolic compounds in fixed bed anaerobic reactors with different support material

The operation of three fixed-bed anaerobic reactors with upflow and containing immobilized biomass were evaluated as regards to the removal of phenolic compounds found in the wastewater from coffee bean processing (RWC). The supports used in immobilization of the biomass were blast-furnace cinders, polyurethane foam and crushed stone. The PVC-made reactors with 139.5 L total volume were fed with increasing concentrations (13, 19.7 and 42.7 mg L-1) of phenolic compounds, and the hydraulic residence time (HRT) was maintained constant (around 1.3 days). At the end of each evaluated condition, samples were collected from the RWC along the height of the reactor for kinetic studies. Rapid acclimation of biomass attached to the blast-furnace cinders resulted in increased efficiency of removal of phenolic compounds in start-up, and the best performance of this reactor regarding the removal of these compounds over the period of the experiment. According to the results, the blast furnace cinders showed higher potential for use as supporting material of anaerobic reactors, when the objective is the removal of the phenolic compounds from RWC.

Sodium availability in a soil with tifton grass and application of solid waste leachate.

Changes were evaluated in concentration and saturation of exchangeable sodium of a soil cropped with tifton-85 grass, submitted to different rates of municipal solid waste leachate (MSW). For this research, a 5000 L reservoir was filled with fresh MSW in order to produce leachate. Leachate rates of 0 (control), 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha-1 d-1 of BOD5 were applied to the field. In the control treatment, which did not receive any leachate, potable water from the municipal supply network were applied at the same depth as for the 500 kg ha-1 d-1 of BOD5. Water and leachate was applied to tifton grass daily during an eight month period. The applied MSW leachate provided sodium accumulation in all soil profile layers, however, without any damage to quality. MSW doses of less than 1000 kg ha-1 d-1 of BOD5 caused no problems to soil during the research period and, therefore, it can be used to dispose such effluent. At the end of trial, one could note that exchangeable sodium percentage (PST) remained lower than the 15% limit. However, for longer applications, one would expect the limit to be exceeded in the superficial soil layer (0 to 0.10 m) after 1.2 years of MSW leachate application.

INFLUÊNCIA DA POPULAÇÃO FLUTUANTE NO PLANEJAMENTO DO SISTEMA DE LIMPEZA URBANA

Adequate management begins with determining the characteristics of the waste generated “in loco” in order to carry out effective planning, since literature data may not correspond to local reality. Thus, this work aimed to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of solid waste produced in the city Urutai-GO, as well to study the effect of population seasonality and waste valuation. According to the results, during the IFGoiano Appropriate management begins with the determination of the characteristics of the generated waste “in loco” so that an effective planning can be carried out, since literature data may not correspond to the local reality. In this work, the objective was to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the solid waste produced in the city of Urutai-GO, as well as to study the effect of population seasonality and the evaluation of these residues. According to the results, it was verifed that solid waste, during the Campus Urutai IFGoiano school year, consists of 10.47% of plastics; 4.29% of metals; 4.13% of glasses; 13.17% papers and 61.11% discard material, with reductions of 34.99%; 55.35%; 39.39% 36.72% in the quantities of plastics, metals, glasses and paper, respectively, as well as an increase of 18.17% in the amount of discard material during the school holidays. The per capita generation, apparent specifc weight and volume generated monthly reduced from 0.75 kg hab-1 day-1, 17.60 kg m-3 and 144 m³, respectively, to 0.66 kg hab-1 day-1, 226,30 kg m-3 and 108 m³, respectively, during the school holidays. It was also verifed that the selective collection is a viable and self-sustaining alternative, being that its absence causes a waste of 3.4 minimum wages during the school year and of 1.6 minimum wages during the period of school vacations.

FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES: VIVÊNCIAS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO PIBID QUÍMICA

A formacao de professores e um tema que perpassa aspectos variados como as necessidades formativas, a analise critica da formacao atual e as propostas de reestruturacao curriculares. O Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciacao a Docencia (Pibid) foi criado no intuito de contribuir na formacao de academicos de licenciatura, possibilitando experiencia e vivencia com o cotidiano escolar, a fim de melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivou-se no presente trabalho relatar as experiencias vivenciadas no Pibid-subprojeto Quimica, do IF Goiano-Câmpus Urutai, a partir de acoes realizadas no Colegio Estadual Professor Ivan Ferreira (CEPIF), em Pires do Rio-GO, em 2014. Inicialmente, realizou-se a discussao de varios textos relacionados a diferentes abordagens investigativas, que contribuiram para a aquisicao de conhecimento. Apos estes estudos, os bolsistas de iniciacao a docencia foram divididos em grupos para a realizacao do diagnostico da realidade escolar, no qual foram coletados dados referentes ao funcionamento do colegio como um todo, destacando-se: historico da escola; dados da secretaria (matriculas, rendimento escolar, evasao, reprovacao); Perfil dos alunos e funcionarios; Estrutura Fisica. Os resultados obtidos foram apresentados ao grupo, que passou a conhecer as necessidades da escola, e a partir de entao, propuseram intervencoes que foram realizadas na escola campo no intuito de melhorar os aspectos frageis. A partir do exposto, ressalta-se a importância do Pibid na formacao inicial desses professores de Quimica, considerando-se que o programa colaborou com o desenvolvimento dos licenciandos em variados aspectos, pois estimulou os mesmos a estudarem para auxiliarem os alunos da Educacao Basica, desenvolveu suas habilidades de observacao e percepcao, aprimorou seus conhecimentos na confeccao de materiais pedagogicos e, ainda, promoveu o contato dos bolsistas com a realidade escolar, de maneira a inicia-los nas atividades docentes.

SUN-PP068: Gastroschisis and Its Challenges to Neonatologist: Multiple Adaptive Systems

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 94 patients on mechanical ventilation and stayed in ICU for 72 h. APACHE II score, SOFA score, prescribed and delivered nutrition during first 7 days ICU admission, and time of EN initiation were collected. Patients were classified using Nutrition Risk In the Critically ill (NUTRIC) score. Outcome variables included mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay and mortality. Linear and logistic regressions were used to determine differences in outcomes using SPSS software. Results: EN was initiated 24±28 h of ICU admission and 89% of patients met the guideline of EN initiation within 48 h of admission. Patients received an average of 814±434 kcal and 39±22 g protein per day, corresponding to 52±26% and 53±29% of energy and protein prescription respectively. Feed interruption throughout ICU stay was 47±34 h per patient. The top two common reasons were fasting for intubation or extubation, and high gastric residual volume, which contributed to 26% (12±4 h) and 16% (7±18 h) of total interruptions per patient, respectively. In patients with high NUTRIC score (n = 74), there were no differences in the outcome variables when adjusted for age, gender, APACHE II score, SOFA score and energy-protein adequacy in the first 7 days of ICU admission. Conclusion: A dietitian blanket referral protocol can ensure early EN initiation. This alone is insufficient to achieve adequacy of EN delivered. Feed interruption plays a significant role in affecting nutritional adequacy and should be addressed in the feeding protocol.

Parâmetros de transporte de metais pesados em resíduos sólidos urbanos

A alta toxicidade e o carater cumulativo dos metais pesados tem sido motivos de grande preocupacao mundial, proporcionando o aumento significativo de trabalhos que objetivem desenvolver tecnologias para remocao destas substâncias potencialmente nocivas ao meio ambiente. Objetivou-se estudar a influencia dos residuos solidos urbanos (RSU) nos parâmetros de transporte dos metais pesados contidos no percolado produzido por RSU_Fresco. Foram utilizados residuos solidos urbanos com 15 anos (RSU_Antigo) e 8 anos (RSU_Maduro) de aterramento e percolado com concentracao media de 0,146 mg L-1 de Cu, 0,046 mg L-1 de Cd, 17,2 mg L-1 de Zn e 0,135 mg L-1 de Pb e, 5 e 25 vezes esses valores. Os resultados possibilitaram concluir que para os residuos estudados (RSU_Antigo e RSU_Maduro) obteve-se fatores de retardamento na sequinte sequencia Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd, o RSU_Antigo apresentou maior capacidade de retencao dos metais.