Deepak Pant

Green and facile method for the recovery of spent Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) based Lithium ion batteries

The research reports a novel green method to use citrus fruits for the management of spent NMC based lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Citrus fruit juice (CJ) can provide an excellent chemical combination to remove the binder and support the leaching with efficiency in between 94% to 100%. CJ have many advantages in LIBs recycling as an economic and green method due to rich in many organic acids like citric and malic acid as complexing agents with ascorbic acid and citrus flavonoids, for the reduction of many heavy metals. Application of CJ can avoid the use of N-Methylpyrrolidine, γ-Butyrolactone, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide like toxic solvents commonly used for peeling off Al/Cu. Furthermore, counterions (like Na+, Mg+, Ca2+) present in CJ was responsible for the improvement in the leaching efficiency of organic acids. A mechanistic pattern of the overall reaction was also proposed and duly supported by various spectroscopic techniques. Binder removal experiment was supported by analytical techniques like XRD, XRF, IR, and FE-SEM, while the metal concentration was monitored by using ICP-MS analysis.

E-waste projection using life-span and population statistics

AbstractPurposeE-waste is the most rapidly growing problem throughout the world, which has serious future concerns over its management and recycling. This article proposes a simple approach for future e-waste projection which can be obtained by using life-span data of various electronic items along with incorporation of population statistics.MethodsFor this purpose, 7-year sales data of electronic items were collected, which is then used to generate various mathematical equations. These mathematical relations are then modified by incorporating life-span and population data.Results and discussionBy comparing sales data with their life-span (average) and population statistics, future e-waste can be quantified both in terms of specified area under investigation and proposed estimation area. The following equation is thus proposed:E-wasteIntermsofquantity=mWasteprojectionyear−Life-span−Initialdatacollectionyear+C×PopulationofestimationareaPopulationofstudyarea

Pb detoxification in Equisetum diffusum

\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{E}-\mathrm{waste}\;\\ {}\left(\mathrm{In}\ \mathrm{terms}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{quantity}\right)=\left[m\left\{\mathrm{Waste}\;\mathrm{projection}\;\mathrm{year}-\mathrm{Life}-\mathrm{span}\right\}-\mathrm{Initial}\ \mathrm{data}\ \mathrm{collection}\ \mathrm{year}+C\right]\times \frac{\mathrm{Population}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{estimation}\ \mathrm{area}}{\mathrm{Population}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{study}\ \mathrm{area}\ }\end{array}

Perturbations and 3R in carbon management

Where m and C can be obtained from plotting year-wise sales data over Excel sheet.ConclusionsLocal as well as global projection of future e-waste can be possible with the help of final equation.

Structural basis for expanding the application of bioligand in metal bioremediation: A review

The aim of present study was to develop a modified method of gold recovery from e-waste. Selective biosorption of gold from contact point of printed circuit board was achieved by using the combination of ammonium thiosulfate (AT) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA).Improvement in biosorption was due to the π-π interaction and resultant change in amide absorption bond between AT and LA, as evidenced by infrared spectroscopy. Selection was justified by some basic postulates of ionic radii and confirmed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. This methodology provides a unique leaching-sorption method for gold recovery and 85% of gold was recovered (from AT leachant) by the proposed combination.

Bioremediation of Metals from Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) Waste

Current research highlights the use of aquatic macrophyte Equisetum diffusum (Himalayan horsetail) for lead detoxification. This plant species can grow in waste cathode ray tube (CRT) powder and absorbs its Pb. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis of plant ash shows that 68 mg/kg lead concentration in the untreated plant was improved to 7600 mg/kg in CRT powder after 90 days. The role of monosilicic and/or monoplumbic acid as reaction intermediates for Pb detoxification and associated bioaccumulation is proposed. Pb detoxification in E. diffusum is mainly rendering around the iso-electronic nature of Pb and Si and forms similar phytochelatin (PC) complexes with available family of peptide ligands. The study focuses on the underlying functions of silicon containing plants in metal detoxification.

Landfill biodegradation process and leachate

Bioremediation or microbial cooperation can improve the e-waste management process in a greener way. Every management strategy is concentrated upon the organic and inorganic portion of the e-waste. Organic part consists of variety of thermo and thermosetting plastic with the presence of halogenated material. Microbes are involved in the process of dehalogenation in many ways. Microbes can manage the leaching of inorganic portion of e-waste which consists of both metallic and nonmetallic components.

Introduction to Waste Bioremediation

Perturbations in various carbon pools like biological, geological, oceanic, and missing carbon sink affect its global data, which are generally neglected or ignored in routine calculations. These natural and anthropogenic events need to be considered before projecting a sustainable carbon management plan. These plans have both general and experimental aspects. General plans should focus on (a) minimizing emission; (b) maximizing environmentally sound reuse, reduce, and recycling; (c) effective treatment; and (d) converting carbon into valuable products with atom economy. Experimental carbon management plans involving various biological and chemical techniques with limitation in terms of research level and economic feasibility. Chemical options have benefits of higher productivity and wider product range, but it suffers from its higher-energy requirements and environmental unfriendliness. In contrast to this, biological options are more selective and less energy intensive, but their productivity is very low. Hence, there is a requirement of hybrid process where the benefits of both the options, i.e., biological and chemical, can be reaped. In view of above, the proposed review targets to highlight the various perturbations in the global carbon cycle and their effects; study the currently practiced options of carbon management, specifically in light of 3R principle; and propose various new hybrid methods by compatible combinations of chemical and biological processes to develop better and safer carbon management. These methods are hypothetical so they may require further research and validations but may provide a comprehensive base for developing such management methods.