Delfim Duarte Rolo Pedrosa

Bidirectional battery charger with Grid-to-Vehicle, Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Home technologies

This paper presents the development of an on-board bidirectional battery charger for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technologies. During the G2V operation mode the batteries are charged from the power grid with sinusoidal current and unitary power factor. During the V2G operation mode the energy stored in the batteries can be delivered back to the power grid contributing to the power system stability. In the V2H operation mode the energy stored in the batteries can be used to supply home loads during power outages, or to supply loads in places without connection to the power grid. Along the paper the hardware topology of the bidirectional battery charger is presented and the control algorithms are explained. Some considerations about the sizing of the AC side passive filter are taken into account in order to improve the performance in the three operation modes. The adopted topology and control algorithms are accessed through computer simulations and validated by experimental results achieved with a developed laboratory prototype operating in the different scenarios.

iV2G Charging Platform

This paper describes an intelligent Vehicle to Grid (iV2G) Charging Platform for plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles that can be used at users home, and which includes a mobile control system. The car drivers can control remotely the charging or discharging process through a mobile communication device. This mobile communication device can also gather information about charging places, their availability and the best road paths to reach them, as well as energy market prices, informing the best periods to charge the car regarding the energy costs.

A Case Study on the Conversion of an Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle into an Electric Vehicle

This paper presents the conversion process of a traditional Internal Combustion Engine vehicle into an Electric Vehicle. The main constitutive elements of the Electric Vehicle are presented. The developed powertrain uses a three-phase inverter with Field Oriented Control and space vector modulation. The developed on-board batteries charging system can operate in Grid to Vehicle and Vehicle to Grid modes. The implemented prototypes were tested, and experimental results are presented. The assembly of these prototypes in the vehicle was made in accordance with the Portuguese legislation about vehicles conversion, and the main adopted solutions are presented.

Predictive control of a current-source inverter for solar photovoltaic grid interface

Solar photovoltaic systems are an increasing option for electricity production, since they produce electrical energy from a clean renewable energy resource, and over the years, as a result of the research, their efficiency has been increasing. For the interface between the dc photovoltaic solar array and the ac electrical grid is necessary the use of an inverter (dc-ac converter), which should be optimized to extract the maximum power from the photovoltaic solar array. In this paper is presented a solution based on a current-source inverter (CSI) using continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC). All the power circuits and respective control systems are described in detail along the paper and were tested and validated performing computer simulations. The paper shows the simulation results and are drawn several conclusions.

Current-Source Shunt Active Power Filter with Periodic-Sampling Modulation Technique

In this paper are presented experimental and simulation results of a developed Current-Source Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter compensating the currents of a nonlinear load. The Shunt Active Power Filter controller, described in detail along the paper, relies in the p-q Theory to calculate the reference compensation currents and to regulate the DC-link inductance current. The regulation of the active filter DC-link inductance current is done consuming sinusoidal currents in phase with the system voltages. The performance and the dynamic behavior of the Shunt Active Power Filter using Periodic Sampling Modulation Technique was assessed first through several computer simulations, and then through the analysis of experimental results obtained with a developed laboratory prototype. Thereby, in this paper are presented several obtained results that show the correct operation of a Current-Source Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter using the Periodic-Sampling Modulation Technique.

Three-phase current-source shunt active power filter with solar photovoltaic grid interface

This paper presents the proposal of a three-phase current-source shunt active power filter (CS-SAPF) with photovoltaic grid interface. The proposed system combines the compensation of reactive power and harmonics with the injection of energy from a solar photovoltaic array into the electrical power grid. The proposed equipment presents the advantage of giving good use to the current-source inverter, even when the solar photovoltaic array is not producing energy. The paper describes the control system of the CS-SAPF, the energy injection control strategy, and the current harmonics and power factor compensation strategy. Simulation results to assess the performance of the proposed system are also presented.

A simplified methodology for parameters measurement of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet motor without neutral point

Recent developments in the area of electric vehicles resulted in a growing interest for Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) Motors, mainly because of their high power density. For the design of the motor drive it is extremely important to have the motor parameters. However many times the manufacturers do not provide them. This paper presents a methodology to overcome this problem, proposes a methodology to obtain the parameters of this AFPM motors, for the implementation of the d-q model of the motor. In permanent magnet synchronous motors the inductance changes with the rotor position, so the d-q model is used to simplify the analysis, modeling and control implementation. This paper presents the d-q model of an AFPM motor with two external stators and one internal rotor.

Field oriented control of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor for traction solutions

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are increasingly used nowadays, and different powertrain solutions can be adopted. This paper describes the control system of an axial flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) for EVs powertrain. It is described the implemented Field Oriented Control (FOC) algorithm and the Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique. Also, the mathematical model of the PMSM is presented. Both, simulation and experimental, results with different types of mechanical load are presented. The experimental results were obtained using a laboratory test bench. The obtained results are discussed.

Evaluation of a Shunt Active Power Filter with energy backup capability

This paper presents a new Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) that is able to compensate current power quality problems and also to serve as energy backup to the loads in case of power outages. The paper describes the hardware topology, the control system of the SAPF, as well as the energy backup control scheme. Also it describes the power outage detection scheme to trigger the energy backup mode, as well as the grid synchronization after the power restoration. To assess the behavior of the SAPF when compensating power quality problems in transient and steady-state, and during the operation as energy backup system, several simulations were performed.

Digital Control of a Novel Single-Phase Three-Port Bidirectional Converter to Interface Renewables and Electric Vehicles with the Power Grid

This paper presents the digital control of a novel single-phase three–port bidirectional (STB) converter used to interface renewables from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and electric vehicles (EVs) with the power grid. Using an appropriated power theory, the STB converter can be used to exchange energy between the PVs, the EVs and the power grid in four distinct modes: (1) The EV receives energy from the power grid (G2 V—grid–to–vehicle operation mode) or delivers energy to the power grid (V2G—vehicle–to–grid operation mode); (2) All the energy produced by the PV panels is delivery to the power grid; (3) All the energy produced by the PV panels is delivery to the EV; (4) The EV can receive energy simultaneously from the PV panels and from the power grid (G2 V). The currents of the power grid, PV panels and EV are controlled through independent predictive current control strategies, which ensure good power quality levels. This paper presents the architecture of the proposed STB converter and the detailed explanation of the digital implementation of the control algorithms, namely, the power theory and the predictive current control strategies. The control algorithms were validated through computational simulations and experimental results.