Delfín Rupérez Cañas

Adaptive routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks

Artificial immune systems (AIS) are used for solving complex optimization problems and can be applied to the detection of misbehaviors, such as a fault tolerant. We present novel techniques for the routing optimization from the perspective of the artificial immunology theory. We discussed the bioinspired protocol AntOR and analyze its new enhancements. This ACO protocol based on swarm intelligence takes into account the behavior of the ants at the time of obtaining the food. In the simulation results we compare it with the reactive protocol AODV observing how our proposal improves it according to Jitter, the delivered data packet ratio, throughput and overhead in number of packets metrics.

A comparison study between AntOR-disjoint node routing and AntOR-disjoint link routing for mobile Ad Hoc networks

Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) is complex problem because of the dynamic topology, limited process and storing capability, bandwidth constraints, and lack of a centralized system. The design of efficient routing protocols is a fundamental problem in MANETs. Researchers have proposed a number of routing protocols in literature. This survey treats about a bio-inspired routing protocol called AntOR for these networks. Thus, one of its key aspects is disjoint route property. The simulation results show that the disjoint-link property has a better performance than disjoint-node according to metrics such as average End-to-End Delay and Jitter.

A Zone-Based Media Independent Information Service for IEEE 802.21 Networks

Next generation networks integrate different wireless technologies, including Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, and 3GPP (UMTS, HSPA, and/or LTE), in which the mobile node (MN) has the opportunity to switch from one network to another, under an always best connected scheme. In such heterogeneous environment, discovering which types of network connectivity and services are available is a critical challenge. The IEEE 802.21 standard specifies a network information server entity providing network information within a geographical area by which the MN can discover a service or a network. In this paper, we propose a zone-based media independent information service using the IEEE 802.21 standard to accelerate the neighbor discovery procedure. In the proposed scheme, the access networks are associated and grouped in mobility zones, through an efficient set of rules, to minimize the amount of control messages flowing in the core network. Through a NS-2 based simulation, the results demonstrate that the proposed scheme reduces the neighbor discovery delay as well as the signaling overhead if compared with the standard MIIS deployment.

Parallel approach of a bioinspired routing protocol for MANETs

Designing routing protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks MANETs is a complex task because of its dynamic topology. A kind of routing protocols that suits the particularity of MANETs is so-called bio-inspired. Among these, focused on Ant Colony Optimisation ACO, which studies the behaviour of ants in their search for food, are especially relevant. One of these algorithms is AntOR, which relying on swarm intelligence, efficiently solves routing in MANETs. In this paper we show a parallelised version of AntOR, the so-called P-AntOR, that using programming multiprocessor architectures based on shared memory protocol, allows to run tasks in parallel using threads, being applicable this parallelisation in the route discovery phase, route local repair process and link failure notification. The simulation results indicate that P-AntOR performs better than its predecessor, with emphasis on the metric of average End-To-End delay, jitter and packet delivery ratio.

Comparing AntOR-disjoint node routing protocol with its parallel extension

In this paper we analysis a parallel approach of Ant-OR. This protocol is itself robust and susceptible to frequent topology changes, but with this approach called P-AntOR, which uses programming multiprocessor architectures based on shared memory protocol, we improve the behavior of AntOR, where the parallelization is applicable in the route discovery phase, route local repair process and link failure notification. The simulation results show that P-AntOR performs better than AntOR, considering metrics such as Throughput and Overhead in number of packets.

Design and evaluation of a decentralised information service architecture for IEEE 802.21 networks

The deployment of wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, WIMAX and LTE brings to the mobile user the opportunity to switch from one network to another, in a seamless manner. To accomplish this, the user must be able to discover which types of network connectivity are available. The IEEE 802.21 standard specifies a media independent information service MIIS providing capabilities for discovering network information within a geographical area. The representation and distribution of mobility information in heterogeneous networks are a big challenge, especially in multi-operator environments. In this paper, we introduce a decentralised information service architecture that improves the user experience and ensures scalability for large system deployments. Additionally, an evaluation using the NS-2 network simulator is presented. The results demonstrate that our proposal outperforms the existing approaches in terms of query delay, users optimal handovers and communication overhead, contributing to a traffic decrease at the operators core network and internet.

A Family of ACO Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this work, an ACO routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks based on AntHocNet is specified. As its predecessor, this new protocol, called AntOR, is hybrid in the sense that it contains elements from both reactive and proactive routing. Specifically, it combines a reactive route setup process with a proactive route maintenance and improvement process. Key aspects of the AntOR protocol are the disjoint-link and disjoint-node routes, separation between the regular pheromone and the virtual pheromone in the diffusion process and the exploration of routes, taking into consideration the number of hops in the best routes. In this work, a family of ACO routing protocols based on AntOR is also specified. These protocols are based on protocol successive refinements. In this work, we also present a parallelized version of AntOR that we call PAntOR. Using programming multiprocessor architectures based on the shared memory protocol, PAntOR allows running tasks in parallel using threads. This parallelization is applicable in the route setup phase, route local repair process and link failure notification. In addition, a variant of PAntOR that consists of having more than one interface, which we call PAntOR-MI (PAntOR-Multiple Interface), is specified. This approach parallelizes the sending of broadcast messages by interface through threads.

Routing Techniques Based on Swarm Intelligence

Artificial immune systems (AISs) are used for solving complex optimization problems and can be applied to the detection of misbehaviors, such as fault tolerance. We present novel techniques for the routing optimization from the perspective of the artificial immunology theory. We discussed the bioinspired protocol AntOR and analyzed its new enhancements. This ACO protocol based on swarm intelligence takes into account the behavior of the ants at the time of obtaining the food. In the simulation results, we compare it with the reactive protocol AODV, observing how our proposal improves it according to the delivered data packet ratio and overhead in number of packet metrics.

Technique to Neutralize Link Failures for an ACO-Based Routing Algorithm

Ad hoc networks are formed by wireless devices distributed without a predefined infrastructure using a technique called multi-hop communication. A particular case is mobile ad hoc networks, which operate within dynamic environments. This determines the necessity of paying special attention to the routing problem. Traditional techniques are not particulary efficient at making the bioinspired algorithms more relevant. These techniques are based on the analysis of the behavior of some animals, especially in the process of obtaining food. A set of these techniques or algorithms are known as the ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) which is based on the particular behavior of ants. A representative protocol from this kind is AntOR, routing protocol for mobile ad hoc hybrid, multipath and adaptive. In this article a variant of AntOR is proposed which causes the protocol AntOR-UDLR. This approach consists of replacing the link failure notification messages sent in a broadcast manner by unicast messages, which are sent to the predecessor of the node reporting the link failure, until the source of the data session is reached. The simulation results show that AntOR-UDLR improves its predecessor according to all analyzed metrics.

An Extension Proposal of AntOR for Parallel Computing

Abstract Designing routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a complex task because of its dynamic topology. A kind of routing protocols that suits the particularity of mobile ad hoc networks is socalled bio- -inspired. Among these, focused on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), which studies the behaviour of ants in their search for food, are especially relevant. One of these algorithms is AntOR, which relying on swarm intelligence, efficiently solves routing in mobile ad hoc networks. AntOR is a hybrid ACO routing protocol and can be considered as a variant of the AntHocNet protocol, which improves the performance of it in important parameters such as delivered packet ratio, the overhead in the number of packets and the overhead in the number of bytes. The protocol is stable in the carried out simulations, which is suggested in its scalability. In this article we propose an extension of AntOR that using programming multiprocessor architectures based on shared memory protocol, allows to run tasks in parallel using threads, being applicable this parallelization in the route discovery phase, route local repair process and link failure notification.