Denise Alves Guimarães

Formação em ciências da saúde: diálogos em saúde coletiva e a educação para a cidadania

In the last decades there have been discussions concerning the educational process of health professionals in Brazil. The discussed subjects are based on the verification of precarious aspects concerning a kind of formation that should be focused on attending the demands of the population, on the principles of SUS and an extended understanding of healthcare. We intended to think about alternatives in relation to the graduation in health sciences and in analyzing the way education in health is registered in the context of higher education.

Psychosocial impact of HIV/aids diagnosis on elderly persons receiving care from a public healthcare service

The current increase in the number of elderly people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a major challenge to healthcare professionals, public policies and the general population, in terms of the need to discuss the role of sexuality and sexual practices in the aging process and the impact of these issues on health promotion for the elderly. The aim of the present study was to identify the psychosocial impact of HIV/Aids diagnosis on elderly persons receiving care in a public healthcare service, based on the perception of the individuals themselves. A qualitative research study of an exploratory nature was performed, based on individual semi-structured interviews with HIV-positive elderly patients, living in the mid-west macro-region of Minas Gerais. Analysis of the results suggested that, according to the 14 patients interviewed, HIV diagnosis involves changes in the way they relate to people; in self-care; in sexual practices; in the performance of daily activities and in the possibility of continuing to participate in social groups. The patients reported embarrassment, fear of rejection and discrimination, and experiences of isolation and facing prejudice. Based on the results, it can be concluded that most of the problems faced by older people are linked to socially constructed stigmas and stereotypes associated with the disease and the efforts made by such individuals to keep the diagnosis a secret.

Programa de educação pelo trabalho para a saúde nas escolas: percepção dos pais

As atividades de educacao em saude no ambiente escolar sao praticas de promocao da saude indutoras de processos de transformacao coletiva que incidem sobre as condicoes de vida da populacao. Este estudo objetiva analisar a percepcao dos pais/responsaveis de escolas de ensino fundamental publico quanto a participacao dos academicos universitarios em acoes de educacao em saude do Programa de Educacao pelo Trabalho para Saude (PET). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, realizada mediante aplicacao de questionarios a pais/responsaveis de escolares de seis a 14 anos em duas escolas de ensino fundamental publicas. Foram aplicados cem questionarios que levantaram dados sobre a participacao dos academicos em atividades de educacao em saude e sua contribuicao para a formacao dos profissionais de saude. A analise dos dados foi realizada seguindo-se o referencial da analise de conteudo. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem afirmar que os pais/responsaveis pelos escolares avaliam que as atividades de educacao em saude desenvolvidas por academicos nas escolas contribuiram para a melhoria da qualidade de atencao a saude na comunidade escolar e para a formacao do futuro profissional de saude.

HIV/aids em idosos: estigmas, trabalho e formação em saúde

The number of HIV/AIDs diagnoses among the elderly is currently increasing both in Brazil and on a global level. The present article describes the results of a qualitative study which aimed to assess the role of health professionals on elderly patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS receiving treatment via the public health service. Nine professionals who made up a specialized HIV/AIDS service in a medium-sized city in the state of Minas Gerais were interviewed. Their statements were subjected to content analysis, and the results suggested that according to the perceptions of the health professionals, the main impacts of the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS are linked to isolation, loneliness, prejudice, fear of revealing the diagnosis and the decrease or interruption of sexual practices. The professionals reported being overburdened both psychologically and in terms of workload, having difficulty addressing aspects of sexuality and sexual practices with the elderly, and admitted to possessing certain stereotypes and prejudices related to HIV/AIDS and the sexuality of the elderly. Through results analysis, it was concluded that the stigma and prejudice related to HIV and the sexuality of the elderly are intimately present in the work processes of the professionals interviewed, impacting on the treatment of such individuals and interfering with their health and illness processes. The discussion of these aspects should be included in health training strategies.The number of HIV/AIDs diagnoses among the elderly is currently increasing both in Brazil and on a global level. The present article describes the results of a qualitative study which aimed to assess the role of health professionals on elderly patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS receiving treatment via the public health service. Nine professionals who made up a specialized HIV/AIDS service in a medium-sized city in the state of Minas Gerais were interviewed. Their statements were subjected to content analysis, and the results suggested that according to the perceptions of the health professionals, the main impacts of the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS are linked to isolation, loneliness, prejudice, fear of revealing the diagnosis and the decrease or interruption of sexual practices. The Palavras–chave: Envelhecimento. HIV. Estigma Social. Formação Profissional. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-98232016019.150123

Gender Differences in Risk Factors for Delayed Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in a Midsized City of Brazil

Patients treated in the specialized service at a midsized city in Brazil participated in a cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the risk factors for delayed diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. Through interviews and review of medical records, information was collected on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and diagnoses. The study included 403 patients, of whom 216 (53.6%) were male and 311 (77.1%) had ≤8 years of education. According to the criteria adopted in this study, 162 (40.2%) of the participants had a late diagnosis of AIDS. Only 19 (4.7%) were diagnosed by routine examinations and 45 (11.2%) presented with AIDS-defining disease at the time of diagnosis. After adjustments, the results showed that having more education was protective against a late diagnosis for women. With the advance of the AIDS epidemic to small town and rural Brazil, vulnerable populations now include low-income and less educated women, most of whom have had monogamous relationships throughout their lives.