Denise Desjardins
Université de Montréal
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Publication
Featured researches published by Denise Desjardins.
Journal of Trauma-injury Infection and Critical Care | 1993
Robert Bourbeau; Denise Desjardins; Urs Maag; Claire Laberge-Nadeau
This article, part of a recently completed research project on safety belts, presents results on neck injuries. A total of 3927 injured front-seat occupants (drivers and passengers) involved in two-car crashes were studied. Among them, 725 sustained neck sprains (ICD-9 code 847.0); some of them may have sustained other injuries as well. The more serious injuries to the cervical spine were more prevalent among the unbelted occupants. Neck sprains were relatively more numerous among belted occupants compared with unbelted ones, with a relative risk estimate of 1.68. Similar results hold also for subsets of the data on different types of collisions; the relative risks ranged from 1.39 to 2.42. A log linear model was constructed for the odds ratio (neck sprain vs. no neck sprain) taking into account the following factors: (1) seatbelt use, (2) direction of impact, (3) authorized speed limit, and (4) vehicle weight. The resulting relative risk estimate (belted vs. unbelted) became 1.58. The results raise questions about seatbelts and their protection against neck sprains.
Astin Bulletin | 2001
Denise Desjardins; Georges Dionne; Jean Pinquet
This paper proposes bonus-malus systems for fleets of vehicles, by using the individual characteristics of both the vehicles and the carriers. Bonus-malus coefficients are computed from the history of claims or from the history of safety offences of the carriers and the drivers. The empirical results are derived from a data set obtained from the Societe de l’Assurance Automobile du Quebec, the public insurer for bodily injuries and the regulator of road safety.
Accident Analysis & Prevention | 1993
Pierre Joly; Marie-France Joly; Denise Desjardins; Stéphane Messier; Urs Maag; Parviz Ghadirian; Claire Laberge-Nadeau
This paper presents: (i) an operational definition of risk exposure, (ii) a questionnaire developed to measure exposure, (iii) validity studies of estimates of the distance traveled and time spent driving for different permit holder categories, and (iv) a feasibility study for a telephone survey on exposure. Results show that long-distance truck drivers from one company studied estimated accurately their distance driven on the last worked day; Montreal Urban Community Transport Commission bus drivers estimated well their time behind the wheel; while a convenience sample of private car drivers (coworkers and friends) estimated well their previous week distance and time on the road. Phone surveys appear to be an efficient and cost-effective method for risk exposure data collection.
Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Montreal- | 1999
Georges Dionne; Claire Laberge-Nadeau; Denise Desjardins; Stéphane Messier; Urs Maag
Recent studies do not agree on the possible relationship between medical conditions and traffic safety; most of them do not control for exposure factors. In this study, we estimate the effect of different medical conditions (namely diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary disease and monocular vision) on the distribution of accidents of truck drivers. Our data and our model permit the simultaneous control for age, medical conditions and other characteristics of the truck drivers; exposure factors measured by hours, kilometers, and qualitative factors; and of the circumstances surrounding accidents described in police reports.
Social Science Research Network | 2017
Georges Dionne; Denise Desjardins
This paper analyzes the relation between insurers’ liquidity creation and reinsurance demand. The empirical measure of liquidity creation was developed for banks by Berger and Bouwman (2009), who distinguished two important bank activities: liquidity creation and risk transformation. Insurers also actively transform risk, but the extent of their engagement in liquidity creation is less clear. Because liquidity creation is a risky activity, it may affect the demand for reinsurance. The goal of this study is to analyze how liquidity creation affects demand for reinsurance.
Cahiers de recherche | 2015
Jean-François Angers; Denise Desjardins; Georges Dionne; François Guertin
In this article, we propose a new parametric model for the modelling and estimation of accident distributions for drivers working in fleets of vehicles. The analysis uses panel data and takes into account individual and fleet effects in a non-linear model. Our sample contains more than 456,000 observations of vehicles and 87,000 observations of fleets. Non-observable factors are treated as random effects. The distribution of accidents is affected by both observable and non-observable factors from drivers, vehicles and fleets. Past experience of both individual drivers and individual fleets is very significant to explain road accidents. Unobservable factors are also significant, which means that insurance pricing should take into account both observable and unobservable factors in predicting the rate of road accidents under asymmetric information.
Cahiers de recherche | 2014
Georges Dionne; Denise Desjardins; Martin Lebeau; Stéphane Messier; Andre Dascal
The ability and willingness of health care workers to report for work during a pandemic are essential to pandemic response. The main contribution of this article is to examine the relationship between risk perception of personal and work activities and willingness to report for work during an influenza pandemic. Data were collected through a quantitative Web-based survey sent to health care workers on the island of Montreal. Respondents were asked about their perception of various risks to obtain index measures of risk perception. A multinomial logit model was applied for the probability estimations, and a factor analysis was conducted to compute risk perception indexes (scores). Risk perception associated with personal and work activities is a significant predictor of intended presence at work during an influenza pandemic. The average predicted probability of being at work during the worst scenario of an influenza pandemic is 46% for all workers in the sample, 36% for those overestimating risk in personal and work activities (95% CI: 35%-37%), 53% for those underestimating risk in work activities (95% CI: 52%-54%), and 49% for those underestimating risk of personal activities (95% CI: 48%-50%). When given an opportunity to change their intentions, 45% of those who initially did not intend to report for work in the worst scenario would do so if the pandemic resulted in a severe manpower shortage. These results have not been previously reported in the literature. Many organizational variables are also significant.
Cahiers de recherche | 2007
Jean-François Angers; Denise Desjardins; Georges Dionne; Benoit Dostie; François Guertin
We propose a parametric model based on the Poisson distribution that permits to take into account both unobserved worker and workplace heterogeneity as long as both effects are nested. By assuming that workplace and worker unobserved heterogeneity components follow a gamma and a Dirichlet distribution respectively, we obtain a closed form for the unconditional density function. We estimate the model to obtain the determinants of absenteeism using linked employer-employee Canadian data from the Workplace and Employee Survey (2003). Coefficient estimates are interpreted in the framework of the typical labor-leisure model. We show that omitting unobserved heterogeneity on either side of the employment relationship leads to notable biases in the estimated coefficients. In particular, the impact of wages on absences is underestimated in simpler models.
Archive | 1999
Urs Maag; Georges Dionne; Denise Desjardins; Stéphane Messier; Claire Laberge-Nadeau
Any learning task, particularly a complex one such as driving an automobile, needs time and experience to arrive at a good performance.
Accident Analysis & Prevention | 2003
Claire Laberge-Nadeau; Urs Maag; François Bellavance; Sophie D. Lapierre; Denise Desjardins; Stéphane Messier; Abdelnasser Saïdi