Denise McCormack

A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification

Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is a natural dietary compound and the primary antioxidant component of blueberries. It has increased bioavailability in comparison to other stilbene compounds, which may enhance its dietary benefit and possibly contribute to a valuable clinical effect. Multiple studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activity of pterostilbene in both in vitro and in vivo models illustrating both preventative and therapeutic benefits. The antioxidant activity of pterostilbene has been implicated in anticarcinogenesis, modulation of neurological disease, anti-inflammation, attenuation of vascular disease, and amelioration of diabetes. In this review, we explore the antioxidant properties of pterostilbene and its relationship to common disease pathways and give a summary of the clinical potential of pterostilbene in the prevention and treatment of various medical conditions.

Pterostilbene and Cancer: Current Review

Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is an antioxidant that is primarily found in blueberries. Studies suggest that pterostilbene exhibits the hallmark characteristics of an effective anticancer agent based on its antineoplastic properties in several common malignancies. In vitro models have shown that pterostilbene inhibits cancer growth through alteration of the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis. In vivo, pterostilbene inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis with negligible toxicity. Pterostilbene has also been shown to be effective as an inducer of antioxidant capacity in multiple cancer cell lines that may facilitate its function as an anticarcinogenic compound. Additionally, preliminary studies show that pterostilbene exhibits much greater bioavailability compared with other stilbene compounds; however the exact pharmacologic mechanism of pterostilbene and its effects in humans are still under investigation. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the antineoplastic mechanisms of pterostilbene based on the results of preclinical studies and highlight recent advances in the study of this dietary compound.

The antiproliferative effects of pterostilbene on breast cancer in vitro are via inhibition of constitutive and leptin-induced Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription activation

BACKGROUND The hormone leptin is implicated in breast carcinogenesis in obese women. One mechanism is through its activation of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT3) and apoptosis dysregulation. We have shown that the antioxidant pterostilbene inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of pterostilbene on cell proliferation and JAK/STAT3 signaling in leptin-stimulated breast cancer. METHODS Breast cancer cells were treated with leptin alone or in combination with pterostilbene. Detection of cell proliferation and JAK/STAT3 signaling were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocols. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analysis. RESULTS Pterostilbene suppresses constitutive as well as leptin-induced JAK/STAT3 activation. Pterostilbene treatment also inhibited leptin-induced cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Pterostilbene has an inhibitory effect on leptin-stimulated breast cancer in vitro through reduction of cell proliferation and JAK/STAT3 signaling, a critical regulatory component of tumorigenesis in obesity-related breast cancer.

Pterostilbene ameliorates tumor necrosis factor alpha–induced pancreatitis in vitro

BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that pterostilbene, a compound in blueberries, exerts antiproliferative effects against pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effects of pterostilbene in pancreatitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pterostilbene on inflammatory markers in an in vitro pancreatitis model. We hypothesized that pterostilbene would ameliorate the immediate inflammatory response in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced pancreatitis through downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and inhibition of TNF-α-induced secretion of lipase and proinflammatory cytokines interleukins (ILs) 1β and 6. METHODS AR42J acinar cells were pretreated with TNF-α to induce pancreatitis followed by 25 and 50 μM pterostilbene for 15 and 30 min. Secretion of lipase was quantified using a lipase assay and used as a marker of TNF-α-induced pancreatitis. Detection of STAT3, IL-1β, and IL-6 was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS TNF-α increased the secretion of lipase, IL-1β, and IL-6. Pterostilbene treatment inhibited TNF-α-induced secretion of lipase (P<0.01 and P<0.001), IL-1β (P<0.05), and IL-6 (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Inhibition of STAT3 by pterostilbene occurred with treatment doses of 25 and 50 μM (P<0.001 and P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The dietary compound pterostilbene exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in pancreatitis through downregulation of STAT3 and decreased the secretion of lipase, IL-1β, and IL-6. Pterostilbenes amelioration of pancreatitis in vitro makes it an advantageous anti-inflammatory agent. Further studies are necessary to determine pterostilbenes role as a protective or therapeutic agent in pancreatitis.

Pterostilbene Induces Mitochondrially-Derived Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Increasing MnSOD Activity and Release of Cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO

S A T A b st ra ct s significantly lower than Control Group (p<0.05). A significant reduction on liver MDA content and on mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in Diazoxide Group compared to Control Group (p<0.05). No differences in pulmonary vascular permeability and MPO activity were observed between groups. Twenty four hours after reperfusion Diazoxide Group showed a reduction of AST and ALT serum levels when compared to Control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Diazoxide attenuates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury probably by a mechanism related to mitochondrial function preservation during liver ischemia.

T1623 Microlaparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Alternative to Single Port Surgery

Introduction Recent advances in minimally invasive surgery aimed at diminishing incision size have led to the development of single-port surgery (SPS). SPS has an increased level of complexity and requires a higher level of surgical skill compared to traditional laparoscopy. We explored micro-laparoscopy as an alternative to routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy.