Dennis A. Bagarozzi

Premarital counseling: Appraisal and status

Abstract Premarital counseling programs have been proliferating in the United States since their appearance in the 1930s. In order to evaluate the success such programs have had in preparing couples to build successful marriages, reduce the incidence of divorce and prevent unsuccessful marriages from occurring, the authors reviewed those programs which outlined standardized intervention procedures and utilized dependent measures to assess the programs effectiveness. Thirteen programs met these criteria. In general, premarital counseling programs were found to be atheoretical in their approach to intervention, loosely designed and nonspecific as to their goals.

Conjugal violence: A critical review of current research and clinical practices

Abstract This article reviews the existing research dealing with conjugal violence and critically evaluates the usefulness of these findings for clinical practitioners. The clinical literature concerning interspousal violence is then reviewed. The relative merits of the leading clinical approaches to treating conjugal violence are discussed, and a number of critical issues involved in working with violent relationships are outlined. Suggestions for joining with violent spouses, overcoming initial resistances, and keeping violent spouses in treatment are offered. Finally, those situations for which marital therapy may not be considered the treatment of choice are discussed.

Immunological Cross-Reactivity of the Major Allergen from Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Lol p I, and the Cysteine Proteinase, Bromelain

Antibodies prepared in rabbits against the major allergen from ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Lol p I, cross-reacted with the cysteine proteinase bromelain from pineapple and vice versa. Deglycosylation of the proteins showed that the cross-reaction was based on recognition of the carbohydrate moiety of the allergen, but for bromelain the cross-reaction was most likely due to a combination of factors. The results indicate that the carbohydrate residues from these allergens play an important role in cross-reactions found between them and possibly those from other species.

The Effects of Cohesiveness on Distributive Justice

Abstract Exchange theorists assume that equitable sharing is normative in all interpersonal exchanges. However, it was reasoned that ones definition of the relationship is a major factor in determining how people share. Subjects (N = 140) assigned to either a cohesive or noncohesive condition and paired with an opposite-sex confederate partner were asked to share a

A theoretically derived model of premarital intervention: The building of a family system

7 reward after being required to contribute more inputs to an enterprise than their partners. Those in the cohesive relationship shared equally even after contributing more inputs; those not cohesively bonded did not. Only partial support was received for the hypothesis that subjects with high prosocial orientation would not differ in sharing in the cohesive condition but would share equally in the noncohesive condition more frequently than their low prosocial counterparts.

Marital power discrepancies and symptom development in spouses: An empirical investigation

Premarital intervention programs are on the rise in the United States despite the absence of persuasive empirical data that substantiate their effectiveness. In addition to this lack of strong empirical support, many premarital counseling programs fail to articulate any coherent theory of family process or family intervention which serve as conceptual guideposts for formulating program goals and devising program activities. In this article, the authors describe an experimental program that is conceptually grounded in theories of family process and family intervention. The theoretical rationale for each element included in the program is discussed and numerous examples of the programs content and exercises are offered. Finally, the authors discuss a number of issues central to the evaluation of premarital counseling programs.

MARITAL INTIMACY NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE: PRELIMINARY REPORT

Abstract This study investigates the well-accepted, yet empirically unsubstantiated hypothesis proposed by structural/strategic therapists and so-ciobehavioral clinicians alike that the less powerful spouse in an unhappy marriage will be the one most likely to develop a psychiatric symptom. The symptom then can be used by the less powerful spouse to bring about a more equitable balance of power in the couples exchange system. Eighty-four percent of the couples who identified one member of the dyad as being symptomatic conformed to this hypo-thetically predicted power distribution. These findings lend some initial empirical support to this hypothesis. In marriages where both spouses were symptomatic, power was shared equally between the partners. The same egalitarian power sharing was evident in five of six married couples where neither spouse reported being symptomatic. Symptoms of spouses who were in equal power-sharing relationships with their partners, were found to be of a different type (conceptuall...

Family diagnostic testing: A neglected area of expertise for the family psychologist

Abstract Satisfaction with the intimacy one experiences in marriage is thought to be an important aspect of a successful marriage. For many clinicians and family researchers, intimacy has been narrowly conceptualized as a unidimensional construct and unidirectional process. The author, however, conceptualizes intimacy as a multifaceted construct. Furthermore, intimacy is seen as a dynamic, bidirectional, interactive, and reciprocal process that occurs between spouses. The author identifies nine dimensions of intimacy, each having four interrelated components. Clinical assessments of these dimensions and components can be accomplished by use of the Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire. This article offers the reader an introduction to the instrument.

A review of the empirical status of tranditional modes of interpersonal helping: Implications for social work practice

Abstract This article demonstrates how family pyschologists can use valid and reliable tests, questionnaires, instruments and observational procedures specifically designed for assessing and evaluating marital and family systems to create marital/family diagnostic profiles that can be used in clinical practice and consultation. The current practice of using psychological tests that have been developed to measure and assess individual personality factors, traits, characteristics, unconscious dynamics, etc., is questioned on both theoretical and practical grounds, as is the use of diagnostic instruments and procedures for purposes other than those for which they were intended, when more appropriate instruments and procedures are readily available.

Induction of histamine release from non-immunized guinea pigs: A possible involvement of lectin-like factor(s) in pollinosis

The empirical status of traditional modes of interpersonal helping are reviewed in terms of client deterioration, spontaneous remission, and immediate and long-term effects. Necessary therapeutic conditions for client change, such as genuineness, nonpossessive warmth, and accurate empathic understanding, are discussed. Variables contributing to the ineffectiveness of traditional modes of interpersonal helping are elaborated in terms of the following: the medical model of mental disease, behavior as symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, labeling and stigmatization, the training of clinical social workers, conflict models of human behavior, academic achievement and fieldwork practice, criteria for the selection of theories of human behavior and induced change, and the relationship between academic performance and effectiveness in the field of clinical practice. The rationale is presented for a new type of social worker, the behavioral social worker, whose profile is reviewed in terms of knowledge base, behavioral skills, and value base.