Dennis C. Cory

Mixed land uses, land-use externalities, and residential property values: A reevaluation

Empirical evidence concerning the impact of neighborhood land-use externalities on residential property value is mixed. That is, no concensus has emerged in the literature as to whether locating non-residential land-use activities in residential neighborhoods can be expected to increase, decrease or leave unaltered surrounding property values. The purpose of this research was two-fold: 1) to construct a theoretical model of consumer behavior in which both the positive and negative effects of neighborhood land-use externalities are taken into account, and 2) to test this generalized model empirically, using hedonic pricing equations. The principal implication of the theoretical model is that the effect of non-residential activity on residential property values isa priori indeterminate, the outcome depending on the relative strength of the associated positive and negative external effects generated. The empirical test of the model was conducted for the city of Tucson, Arizona, where it is shown that over low ranges, increasing the amount of industrial, commercial, multifamily and public land-use activity in a neighborhood tended to increase surrounding residential property values. It is concluded that in locating future economic activity an optimal mix of landuse activities should be sought, not the regional separation of activities.

Federal actions to address environmental justice in minority populations and low-income populations: Executive Order 12898

1-101. Agency Responsibilities. To the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law, and consistent with the principles set forth in the report on the National Performance Review, each Federal agency shall make achieving environmental justice part of its mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States and its territories and possessions, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands.

Measuring regional economic impacts of streamflow depletions.

Because of large upstream diversions for agriculture and an absence of policies to protect in-stream flows, flows in the Rio Grande near Taos, New Mexico, routinely are low by midsummer. The reach is a popular Whitewater run in the southwestern United States when flows are adequate for river running. This article estimates the regional economic impacts attributable to summer streamflow depletions. Economic analysis indicates that while lower water levels affect the number of people coming to the region to raft on one river reach, low water levels had no effect on another nearby rafting area. Total expenditures and economic impacts were simulated for streamflows maintained at levels adequate for Whitewater recreation throughout the summer season. These simulations indicate a 24% (

Gebremedhin, Tesfa G., and Luther G. Tweeten. Research Methods and Communication in the Social Sciences. Westport CT: Praeger Publishers, 1994, x + 167 pp.,

0.74 million) increase in rafting-linked expenditures and a 25% (

45.00

0.94 million) increase in value added from rafting, compared to actual 1992 expenditures and value added.

Valuing amenity resources under uncertainty: Does the existence of fair contingent claims markets matter?

Acknowledgments Preface The Foundation of the Scientific Research Method Guidelines for Conducting Scientific Research Guidelines for Preparing Research Grant Proposal Guidelines for Communicating Scientific Research Guidelines for Reviewing Manuscripts Guidelines for Library Literature Search Appendixes

Environmental justice and federalism

Abstract Alternative welfare measures are evaluated as measures of the value of change in access conditions for environmental resources, and it is shown that traditional Hicksian surplus estimates systematically underestimate benefits. It is further argued that the existence of fair contingent claims markets is a peripheral consideration in benefit estimation, that state-dependent payments present no significant collection obstacles not already encountered in state-independent payment schemes, and that risk-neutral social decision making requires state-dependent benefit measures for situations involving individual risk. These findings imply that future research should focus on developing theoretical bounds between the expected value of state-dependent benefit measures and conventional measures, and that contingent valuations techniques need to be extended to measure contingent payment possibilities for changes in uncertain access conditions to environmental resources.

Criminal sanctions for agricultural violations of the Clean Water Act

The authors discuss two case studies in their investigation of the complex interactions between environmental justice and government. These analyses offer a comprehensive view of both the siting and regulation of polluting activities, as well as a discussion of the effects on major natural resources such as clean air and drinking water. In each case, the authors both describe current government responses to the problem and offer specific recommendations regarding what actions should be taken in the future.

Surplus Disposal in World Markets: An Application to Egyptian Cotton

Public enforcement of the Clean Water Act (CWA) has been characterized by the increased use of criminal sanctions over the past decade. This sanctioning trend has developed in direct response to the passage of the Sentencing Reform Act (SRA) as part of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. New sentencing guidelines were established in 1987 under which courts were required to impose sentences which reflect the seriousness of the offense, provide just punishment for the offense, and afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct. Legal trends are documented for both industrial and agricultural violations as a result of applying the new federal sentencing guidelines to CWA cases. The efficiency implications of the SRA are evaluated in the context of a model of the public enforcement of environmental law. It is concluded that fault-based standards of liability and the use of mixed fine/incarceration sanctions are appropriate for agricultural violations of the CWA.

Contagion Externalities and the Conversion of Low-Intensity Land Uses on the Urban Fringe

In many countries, agricultural exports are managed directly by governments. A frequent problem encountered by policy makers involves the accumulation of unwanted surpluses caused by domestic price support programs, unforeseen declines in world demand, or unexpected shifts in the domestic supply-demand balance. This paper examines the intertemporal use of the world markets as a means to eliminate these surpluses. The analytical results follow directly from the theory of storage. They are applied to an analysis of the Egyptian ELS cotton market, where stock levels in the early 1980s became about six times as large as normal carryout. Estimation results suggest that optimal disposal plans may frequently involve selling surplus stocks in a single year.