Dennis C. Drehmel

Particle collection in cyclones at high temperature and high pressure.

We thank W. T. Edmondson, D. P. Larsen, and I. Ahlgren, respectively, for the use of unpublished data for Lake Washington, Shagawa Lake, and lakes Norrviken, Edssjon, and Oxundasjon. We also thank R. J. Allan for providing a preprint of his study of Canadian prairie lakes. We benefited from discussions with S. C. Chapra, B. R. Forsberg, E. Smeltzer, and E. B. Swain, and from the participants in the workshop on phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships (40). We also appreciate critical reviews of the manuscript by D. E. Canfield, D. P. Larsen, and K. H. Reckhow.

Inertial impaction of fine particles at high temperature and high pressure

Abstract The results of a theoretical and experimental study of inertial impaction at high temperatures and high pressures are presented. Some theoretical uncertainties in predicting the drag force on a small particle ( μ m) at very high gas temperatures are those related to the momentum transfer between the particle and high temperature gas molecules. Experimental data indicate that conventional inertial impaction models can be used for predicting particle collection at high temperature and pressure without substantial error.

Near-continuous measurement of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide by an automatic gas chromatograph

Abstract An automatic gas chromatograph with a flame photometric detector that samples and analyzes hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide at 30-s intervals is described. Temperature programming was used to elute trace amounts of carbon disulfide present in each injection from a Supelpak-S column in a single peak at the end of 15-min runs. The system was used to study the high-temperature fuel-rich sulfur capture reactions of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide with injected calcium oxide sorbent, necessitating the nearly continuous measurement of these gaseous sulfur species. The hydrogen sulfide concentration ranged from 300 ppm to 3000 ppm and the carbonyl sulfide from 30 ppm to 300 ppm. The system was also used to monitor sulfur dioxide levels under fuel lean conditions, and the results compared very closely with sulfur dioxide measurements made simultaneously with continuous UV sulfur dioxide instrumentation.

Fine particle control using sulfur oxide scrubbers

Compliance with sulfur oxides standards will in many cases result in the installation of scrubbing devices. If these devices operate on an effluent gas stream containing particulate as well as sulfur oxides, simultaneous removal would be expected. Since effective simultaneous removal of particulate matter and sulfur oxides is economically desirable, it is of considerable import to characterize scrubber designs being considered as sulfur oxide absorbers as particulate control devices; especially, for fine particulate control. Data on the fine particle collection efficiency of sulfur oxides scrubbers at two power generating stations is presented. At the first, a venturi and a turbulent contacting absorber (TCA) both with capacities of 30,000 cfm were tested. At the second, a venturi with 600,000 scfm capacity was tested. Fine particle collection efficiency was determined at three pressure drops for the TCA using a cascade impactor. Results for the TCA show high removal efficiencies. It collected more than 9...

Advanced Electrostatic Collection Concepts

Of the advanced electrostatic collection concepts studied, those employing water droplets or filters have demonstrated enhanced performance and should be considered for future applications. Electrostatic collection with water drops shows high removal efficiencies for 0.5 ..mu..m particles which are difficult to capture. Electostatic collection with filters shows the potential for operation at either lower pressure drops or higher filtration rates.

Selection, preparation, and disposal of sodium compounds for dry SOx scrubbers

A program has been initiated to assess an SO2 removal method wherein dry powdered sodium compounds are injected into the gas stream ahead of the baghouse filter. The compounds are collected on the surface of the filter bags for reaction with the gaseous SO2. Initial program efforts include a survey of suitable and available sodium compounds, methods of preparing the compounds for injection, and an invistigation of environmentally acceptable methods of disposal.

Paniculate Control in Energy Processes: A Status Report

The Particulate Control in Energy Processes Symposium was held in San Francisco on May 12-14, 1976. Topics of discussion included use of low sulfur coals, electrostatic precipitators for low sulfur coal, baghouses and scrubbers as alternatives to ESP’s for power plants using low sulfur coal, and high temperature, high pressure energy processes. This article presents the significant findings of the 22 papers delivered, and summarizes the conclusions of the discussions between the speakers and the audience.