Dennis D. Tanner

A new type of NADH model compound: Synthesis and reactions

Abstract Four diastereomeric NADH model compounds were synthesized by the reaction of a pinyl substituted Hantzsch ester with dimethylaluminum amide. The reduction of methyl benzoylformate with these models gave both enantiomers of methyl mandelate.

Polar radicals XVIII. On the mechanism of chlorination by N-Chloroamines: Intermolecular and intramolecular abstraction

Abstract The photochlorinations of the n -butyl, n -pentyl, and n -hexyltrimethyl-ammonium chlorides, using molecular chlorine in hexachloroacetone or 15% CD3CO2D/85% H2SO4, or using N-chlorodimethylamine in the acid solvent are described. The ammonium group exerted a strong polar directing effect upon the site of substitution. This effect was found to be more pronounced in the more polar protic solvent. The reagent, N-chlorodimethylamine, generated the dimethylamminium radical, whose reaction showed a polar sensitivity toward hydrogen abstraction similar to that of the chlorine atom, but exhibiting a much greater secondary/primary selectivity. Comparison of the isomer distributions obtained from the self photochlorination reactions of N-chloro- n -hexylmethylamine and N-chloro- n -pentylmethylamine in the acid solvent, with the distribution pattern obtained for the chlorinations of the ammonium salts with N-chlorodimethylamine, suggested that the self chlorinations of the N-chloroamines proceed by the intramolecular hydrogen abstraction mechanism suggested previously.

Absolute Rates of the Solution-Phase Addition of Atomic Hydrogen to a Vinyl Ether and a Vinyl Ester: Effect of Oxygen Substitution on Hydrogen Atom Reactivity with Olefins

The reactions of vinyl butyl ether and vinyl butyrate with atomic hydrogen and deuterium lead to addition at the terminal position of the olefins. This observation is consistent with the reactions carried out earlier with other olefins. Both of the absolute rates of addition to vinylbutyl ether and vinyl butyrate, in acetone and hexane, were measured at several temperatures. The relative rates are consistent with only modest stabilization of the transition state of the radical adduct by the R-O substituent compared with that of hydrogen atom addition to 1-octene. The relative rates measured in acetone and hexane indicate no significant differential solvation of the ground state relative to the transition structures of the hydrogen atom addition. The kinetics reveal that the early transition states for hydrogen atom addition exhibit little selectivity (vinyl ether versus simple olefin) in either the abstraction of hydrogen R to the oxygen or by terminal addition to the olefinic ether and reflects the modest influence of the increased enthalpy of reaction associated with resonance stabilization by the oxygen substituent at the developing radical site.