Dennis M. Rose

Indoor to outdoor propagation — Measuring and modeling of femto cells in LTE networks at 800 and 2600 MHz

Femto cells in LTE are attracting more and more attention since they are expected to provide substantial indoor network coverage. In contrast, the interference level on the outside increases with every new indoor base station, so that it is crucial to gain in-depth knowledge of the propagation phenomena from indoor to outdoor environments. Therefore, an exhaustive measurement campaign has been carried out to prove the usability of femto cells. Furthermore, a prediction model has been set up that considers the dominant effects in femto cell deployments, namely transmission and vertical diffraction.

Spatial Traffic Distributions for Cellular Networks with Time Varying Usage Intensities Per Land-Use Class

This document describes an approach to calculate realistic spatial user and traffic distributions for cellular networks with time varying usage intensities per land-use class. The distributions account for the common human behaviour for different times of the day and different days of the week. In combination with the coverage area of the cell as well as the land-use classes in the respective area, an estimation of the tempo-spatial distribution is achieved. Performance measurement (PM) data on cell level is used for weighting these distributions according to the actual traffic situations in an existing network.

Physical Layer Performance Comparison of LTE and IEEE 802.11p for Vehicular Communication in an Urban NLOS Scenario

In this paper, a physical (PHY) layer performance comparison for 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.11p in a realistic urban street intersection scenario is presented. For this approach standard compliant link level simulation tools in combination with ray-optical channel modeling are utilized. Results are analyzed with respect to an intersection collision warning application where a suitable performance metric is derived to analyze the individual performances with respect to the packet error ratio in the downlink. In the absence of a line of sight (LOS) path for a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) link, the results show promising potential of LTE to outperform a dedicated IEEE 802.11p based communication link even when considering full buffer intercell-interference condition.

Modeling of Femto Cells - Simulation of Interference and Handovers in LTE Networks

Mobile operators are facing capacity problems due to the rising demand for data services, particularly in indoor environments. In order to ensure high data rates, femto cells will be part of the solution. Since they are operated by the customers, the influence of a network operator on the installation location is limited. Thus, femto cells have to be taken into account in future network and handover planning where the level of detail in modeling is crucial. A simple prediction model is not detailed enough to simulate spatially very limited femto cells. Therefore, this paper compares two different levels of complexity in the prediction of femto cells and their resulting effects on handovers as well as on call drops in long-term evolution (LTE) networks under various configurations of the handover parameters.

SiMoNe - Simulator for Mobile Networks: System-Level Simulations in the Context of Realistic Scenarios

Todays cellular radio networks offer so many parameters that can be configured, that it is virtually impossible to configure such a system manually. To overcome this problem, operators and vendors put their trust in SON. But still, how can a SON function evaluate all potential parameter variations in short time and in a realistic manner in order to make the right decision? The herein presented Simulator for Mobile Networks (SiMoNe) is capable of performing system-level simulations within realistic network scenarios. By offering the capability of parallel simulations of parameter variations, a multitude of different settings can be evaluated. It allows for simulations based on time variant maps as well as for simulations with a large number of individual user traces which follow different mobility pattern like vehicular or indoor mobility.

Impact of Realistic Pedestrian Mobility Modelling in the Context of Mobile Network Simulation Scenarios

The network management of heterogeneous mobile networks relies on a profound network topology. This includes a realistic network deployment and realistic pathloss predictions to account for the irregularities in the network. To derive relevant key performance indicators in such networks, mobility models are needed that account for individual user movements in the network and produce user individual performance indicators, e.g. handover events. A multitude of mobility models are known that are supposed to address the different characteristics of human movement patterns and behaviours of certain user groups, such as vehicular, indoor or pedestrian users. To approach the latter one, a new pedestrian mobility model based on real geographical data is presented in this document.

An Analytical 3D Ray-Launching Method Using Arbitrary Polygonal Shapes for Wireless Propagation Prediction

An analytical 3D ray-launching method using arbitrary polygonal shapes for wireless propagation prediction is introduced within this document. The algorithm is significantly advanced compared to other ray-launching techniques, since the actual ray-casting methodology is based on vertices of the geographical data and not on a brute-force manner which most often leads into irrelevant directions in space. As a valu-able feature, the herein presented approach does not rely on any kind of spatial resolution. It is neither limited to certain discrete angle increments like conventional ray-launching, nor is it suffering from low resolutions or the need for sub-sampling like conventional ray-tracing.

Impact of Correlated Group Mobility Modelling in the Context of Realistic Mobile Network Simulation Scenarios

User mobility in mobile radio networks strongly affects the performance of the whole system. Thus, it is of upmost importance to model mobility patterns as realistically as possible. Several publications w. r. t. individual (realistic) user movements have been made. However, especially in urban scenarios, user mobility is often correlated. In public transportation systems (metro, bus, etc.) the motion of many users is bound to the same vehicle, leading to a far different system performance (e.g. cell load, number of handovers, etc.). Therefore, a new correlated group mobility model is presented in this paper. Results show that the system performance compared to individual user movements is significantly different.

Effects of Hyper-Dense Small-Cell Network Deployments on a Realistic Urban Environment

In this paper, a realistic urban scenario for a hyper-dense small-cell network deployment is presented, using full 3D building models and 3D ray-optical pathloss predictions. This network is compared to a similarly dimensioned 3GPP-like deployment, in order to emphasize the correlations and the differences between these two environments. Furthermore, different expansion stages of the small-cell deployments in both environments are discussed with respect to the coverage and interference situations.

Evolution from network planning to SON management using the simulator for mobile networks (SiMoNe)

This demonstration shows several use cases of the Simulator for Mobile Networks (SiMoNe). It starts with a network planning and optimisation context for large-scale urban scenarios and hyper-dense small-cell deployments and comes to the evaluation of SON- and management functionality in aforementioned scenarios. Five different SON functions will be shown, namely MRO, MLB, LTE/GSM DSA, Wi-Fi/LTE TS and LTE/V2X TS.