Desmond S. Cartwright

A rapid non-parametric estimate of multi-judge reliability

A technique is presented for obtaining a rapid estimate of reliability between judges, with special reference to qualitative judgments. It is shown that reliability and discrimination are independent and that estimates of both are needed. A method of obtaining an independent estimate of multi-judge discrimination is developed. It is shown that the size of item-samples is specified by the latter method. Tests of significance for both reliability and discrimination are described.

A computational procedure for tau correlation

Thetau coefficient is defined, and a computational procedure for tied ranks is described. The procedure maintains continuous computational checks, saves labor, and particularly facilitates the use oftau with large samples. It is also shown howtau correlation may be applied toQ-sorts with any shape of forced distribution or with unforced distributions.

Membership in Cliques and Achievement

Five cliques were found among a group of thirty-nine male students attending a two-month program on business management. Cliques differend in final academic evaluation, initial intelligence, and initial need for achievement. With intelligence partialed out, cliques still differend significantly; some overachieving, some underachieving. With need for achievement partialed out, the cliques still differed significantly in net performance. Net performance of cliques was correlated significantly with that of respective leaders and also with a measure of relative work-versus-affiliation cathexis upon respective leaders. The measure of relative cathexis correlated as well with fianl evaluation as did initial intelligence.