Desmond Teck-Chye Ang

Development of palm oil‐based alkyds as UV curable coatings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop palm oil‐based alkyds as ultraviolet (UV) curable coatings and investigate the parameters that affect the coating performances.Design/methodology/approach – Alkyds were formulated from palm stearin, glycerol, phthalic anhydride and maleic acid. Keeping the total molar amount of dicarboxylic acids constant, the proportions of maleic acid and phthalic anhydride were varied in order to produce polymer chains with different content of unsaturation, which is crucial for UV curability. Characterisations were carried out by FTIR and 1HNMR. The alkyds were then mixed with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer as active diluents and cured by exposure to UV light. Performances of the cured coatings were tested in terms of film hardness, adhesion, water and alkali resistance, and thermal stability.Findings – Upon introducing sufficient C=C, the alkyd in combination with MMA is able to UV‐cure within short time and produce film of satisfactory quality. There are several o...

Ultraviolet-induced free radical reactions in ENR50/alkyd blend leading to significant increase in cross-linking

In this work, the potential of palm stearin alkyd as a cross-linking agent for rubber compounding was investigated. Alkyd carrying pendent –COOH groups was blended with epoxidised natural rubber (ENR50) via solvent casting technique at ambient temperature. Spectroscopic characterisations show that ENR50 and alkyd have interacted with each other via chemical reaction involving the epoxide of the rubber and –COOH of alkyd. Consequently, notable increase in the glass transition temperature (T g) and gel content of the blend was observed. In addition to the epoxide ring-opening reaction, the extent of cross-linking in the blend was further increased by means of ultraviolet (UV) curing. As a result, the UV-cured blends experienced lower percentage of swelling, produced higher percentage of gel, have higher cross-link density and higher T g. The cross-link density in the rubber/alkyd blend has increased from 3.0 × 10−6 mol cm−3 to 2.0 × 10−4 mol cm−3 after UV curing. This is clearly evidenced from the swelling test results, where ENR and alkyd are completely soluble in the solvent, but upon blending and subsequent UV irradiation, the blend produced >90% of gel and swelled by 318%. Findings from this work show that sustainable material such as vegetable oil could be utilised in development of cross-linking agent for rubber. Significant increase in the cross-link density of the UV-cured blend suggests that environment friendly compound such as alkyd has great potential to serve as an alternative to conventional compounds in rubber vulcanisation.