Devendra Singh

Triticum aestivum L. Varietal Accession Evaluation under Low Fertility and Two Irrigations

The experiment consisted of 9 treatments viz. , T 0 (DBW-17), T 1 (Raj 3077), T 2 (HD 2967), T 3 (Lok-1), T 4 (Raj 1482), T 5 (Raj 4120), T 6 (K-65) T 7 (HD 2967), T 8 (PBW-343) laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The study showed that Lok-1 variety gave highest grain yield (2.76t ha -1 ), harvest index (31.15%), highest net income (Rs. 110,000.7 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost (3.74) then the rest of the varieties. The plant height was found to be the highest under the treatment T 3 (Lok-1) at 30, 60 and 90DAS the differences were statistically significant. Treatment T 1 (Raj 3077) recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers per meter square than all the other treatments, while the lowest number of effective tillers per meter squarewas recorded for the treatment T 3 (Lok-1). The spike length was recorded to be highest under the treatment T 3 (Lok-1) which was significantly higher than all these other treatments, while the lowest spike length was recorded under the treatment T 5 (Raj 4120). Number of grains spike -1 was recorded to be highest under the treatment T 6 (K-65), while the lowest grains spike -1 was recorded under the treatment T 0 (DBW-17). Treatment T 2 (HD2967) recorded significantly higher test weight than all the other treatments, while the lowest test weight was recorded under the treatment T 8 (PBW-343). The highest grain yield was recorded under the treatment T 3 (Lok-1), while the lowest grain yield was recorded in treatment T 0 (DBW-343) and the differences were statistically non-significant.

Effect of Phosphorus and Sulphur Nutrients on Brassica campestris L. Variety Toria under Dry Land Condition

The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments and replicated thrice. Results indicate that the effect of phosphorus and sulphur nutrient with different treatments. Significant effects were observed in plants growth attributes due to presence of phosphorus and uptake of phosphorous increased due to presence of sulphur ultimately resulting in good yield. However, plant heights (165.00 cm), number of branches plant -1 (7.33), plant dry weight (g) (21.27), crop growth rate (g m -2 day -1 ) (19.90), relative growth rate (g g -1 day -1 ) ( 0.055), number of siliqua plant -1 , (329.13), number of seeds siliqua -1 (18.73), test weight (g) (3.83), seed yield (t ha -1 ) (1.96), harvest index (%), (19.89 ) and oil content (%)(1.22) were found significantly affected by the application of phosphorus and sulphur and cost benefit ratio was also found (2.24) on higher side.

Orobanche infestation in Indian Brassica juncea L. in Ajmer Districts of Rajasthan and its Management

Orobanche aegyptiaca started to emerge above ground 40 DAS of Indian mustard. Significant difference was observed in number of Orobanche shoots m -2 , fresh and dry weight of Orobanche shoots m -2 and visual control of Orobanche in mustard crop due to different treatments. At 60DAS, treatments T 3 , T 7 , T 8 and T 9 were observed most effective with no shoots, fresh weight and dry weight of Orobanche m -2 , hence, providing 100 per cent control of Orobanche at 65DAS of mustard. At 90DAS, 120DAS and harvest, treatment T 9 was found statistically at par with T 7 and T 8 in reducing the number, fresh and dry weight of Orobanche shoots, hence, providing the maximum visual control at 95, 125DAS and at harvest, respectively. Increasing the application of nitrogen in mustard decreased the population, fresh weight and dry weight of Orobanche and increased the control of Orobanche in T 9 over T 8 probably because of detrimental effect of the nitrogenous fertilizers on the parasitic infestation. A significant difference in plant height and dry matter accumulation plant -1 of mustard was observed due to different treatments. The plant height and dry matter accumulation plant -1 in treatment T 9 i.e. 125 per cent of recommended fertilizer + foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively was higher due to higher dose of N and P and excellent control of Orobanche during its life cycle. Different treatments resulted in significant difference in crop growth rate of Indian mustard from sowing upto 130DAS and thereafter it remained non-significant. Among different treatments, 125 per cent of recommended fertilizer + foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively (T 9 ) resulted in highest CGR which might be due to better control of Orobanche coupled with beneficial effects of higher dose of N and P on mustard at active vegetative stages as a result of enhancement in cell multiplication, cell elongation and cell expression in the plant body which ultimately increased the CGR. Among the different treatments, number of primary branches at harvest stage were found maximum in treatment T 9 which was at par with treatment T 7 but significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Number of siliquae plant -1 at harvest stage were recorded maximum in treatment T 9 which was at par with treatment T 7 but significantly higher over rest of the treatments. T 9 recorded maximum number of siliquae because higher nutrients help in more number of branches, mainly the secondary branches and resulting higher number of siliquae plant -1 at higher dose of fertilizers. Similarly, number of siliquae branch -1 were maximum under 125 per cent of recommended fertilizer + foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively (T 9 ) which was significantly superior over all other treatments. Maximum siliqua length (cm) and 1,000-grain weight (g) was observed with 125 per cent of recommended fertilizer + foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50 g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively (T 9 ) which was at par with foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively (T 7 ) and superior over all other treatments. Similarly, grains siliqua -1 were recorded maximum in treatment T 9 which was found statistically at par with T 2 , T 3 , T 6 , T 7 and T 8 and significantly higher than other treatments. Grain yield and biological yield of Indian mustard varied significantly due to different treatments. Treatment T 9 i.e . 125 per cent of recommended fertilizer + foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively, produced highest grain yield and biological yield which was at par with T 7 i.e . foliar spray of glyphosate at 25 and 50g ha -1 + 1.0% solution of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at 25 and 55DAS, respectively. Treatment T 9 and T 7 produced 88.7 and 72.9 per cent more grain yield, respectively than weedy check (T 11 ). The combined effect of higher dose of fertilizers and maximum control of Orobanche in treatment T 9 provided ideal conditions for growth of mustard crop resulting in higher plant height, more primary and secondary branches plant -1 , number of siliquae plant -1 , more number of grains siliqua -1 and higher 1000-grain weight ultimately increased the grain and biological yield.

Effects of biofertilizers on plant growth and yield characters of Pisum sativum L.

The present study was elucidated the effects of biofertilizers on plant growth and yield characters of Pisum sativum L. The research was conducted during Rabi 2016-2017 at the field experimentation centre of the Department of Agronomy, Bhagwant University Ajmer, during the year of 2016-2017. The data were recorded on 11 characters. Based on the mean performance the treatment-8 (100% RDF + Rhizobium 30g/kg) was found best treatment for plant growth and seed yield. This obtained high in plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of pods per plant, days to maturity, pod length (cm), number of seed per pod, seed index, seed yield per plant, nodules per plant. Interaction effect of biofertilizers was significant for all characters. Thus, it indicates that the process of biofertilizers may be better option for seed growers to achieve seed yield and yield components in pea.

Nutrient Management for Brassica juncea L. Czernj . and Cosson in Moong-Maize Mustard Cropping System

The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 203kg, 18kg and 283kg/ha, respectively. There were ten treatments viz.,T 1 (Control), T 2 (100% PK), T 3 (100% NPK), T 4 (150% NPK), T 5 (100% NPK + S), T 6 (100% NPK + Zn @ 25kg ZnSO 4 /ha), T 7 (100% NPK + B @ 1kg B/ha), T 8 (100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha), T 9 (100% NP) and T 10 (100% NK) with the RDF of 120:40:20kg N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O/ha, respectively. Plant height did not differ significantly at all the stages of crop growth. Maximum plant height at all the stages of crop growth was recorded under the application of 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (T 8 ) treatment. However, minimumplant height at all stages of crop growth was recorded under control (T 1 ) treatment. Dry matter accumulations per plant in relation to different fertility levels were found to be significant during all the stages of crop growth, except at harvest. Maximum dry matter accumulation occurs under 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) treatment followed by 100% NPK + S (T 5 ) and minimum dry matter accumulation occurs under control (Ti) treatment, respectively. Significantly higher number of secondary branches recorded under 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) treatment at all the stages of crop growth and minimum number of secondary branches recorded under control (Ti) treatment, respectively. Higher number of all the yield attributes was found fewer than 100%NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) treatment and minimum number of all the yield attributes was found under control (T 1 ) treatment. Higher values of seed yield, stover yield, biological yield and harvest index was recorded under the application of 100%NPK + FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (T 8 ) treatment and minimum value was recorded under the application of control (T 1 ) treatment. The maximum nutrient uptake by the crop was recorded under the 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) treatment and lowest nutrient uptake by the crop was recorded under the control (Ti) treatment. Maximum oil content was found under 100% NPK + S @ 40kg/ha (T 5 ) treatment but maximum oil yield was recorded under 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) treatment. However, lowest oil content and oil yield was recorded under control (Ti) treatment. Maximum protein content was found under 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) and 150% NPK (T 4 ) treatment but maximum protein yield was found under 100% NPK + FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ). However, lowest protein content and protein yield was recorded under control (T 1 ) treatment. The maximum gross return and net return was obtained under 100% NPK +FYM @ 2.5t/ha (T 8 ) but maximum B : C ratio was found under 100% NPK + B@ 1kg B/ha (T 7 ) treatment and lowest grass return, net return and B: C ratio was obtained under control treatment (Ti).

Effects of Different Phosphorus Levels and Frequency of Boron Levels on Growth and Yield of Greengram

Pulse production is very low and become challenging problem against the requirement of increasing population of our country. Moreover, it has a numerous utilities and used primarily as a food crop because it is a major source of protein in cereal based diets for its high lysine content. Among the different phosphorus levels and frequency of boron levels under in treatment T 11 i.e., N 3 (20:60:20NPK) + 0.2% foliar spray of borax at 35 DAS (pre-flowering) recorded maximum plant height (53.60cm), number of leaves plant -1 (21.16), number of branches plant -1 (6.76), no. of nodules plant -1 (8.80), dry weight (24.82g), crop growth rate (0.53g m -2 day -1 ), relative growth rate (0.04g g -1 day -1 ), number of pods plant -1 (42.46), average number of grain pod -1 (13.40), pod length (10.80 cm), test weight (47.00g), grain yield (1.62 t ha -1 ), straw yield (2.85 t ha -1 ), protein content (24.56%) and harvest index (36.15%). Whereas the lowest value (48.26 cm, 18.93 plant -1 , 6.20 plant -1 , 5.53 plant -1 , 20.02 g, 0.39g m -2 day -1 , 0.03g g -1 day -1 , 30.40 plant -1 , 7.73 pod -1 , 8.13 cm, 41.06 g, 0.99 t ha -1 , 2.06 t ha -1 , 20.36 % and 32.58 %, respectively) in the treatment T 1 i.e., N 1 (20:40:20 NPK). The highest gross return (Rs.78795.00 ha -1 ), net return (Rs. 57222.00 ha -1 ) and benefit cost ratio (2.65) were registered in treatment T 11 i.e. , N 3 (20:60:20NPK)+ 0.2% foliar spray of borax at 35 DAS (pre-flowering). Whereas the lowest value (Rs.48925.50 ha -1 ), (Rs.30075.50 ha -1 ) and (1.59), respectively in the treatment T 1 i.e. N 1 (20:40:20 NPK).

Effect of Sowing Time and Seed Rate on Growth and Yield of Chickpea Cultivars

Current investigation on effect of sowing time and seed rate on growth and yield of chickpea cultivars was conducted during the Rabi season. The soil of experimental field was sandy loam in texture with high pH. Soil was tested low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and high in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot Design with sowing time (1 st fortnight of November and 1 st fortnight of December) and cultivars (H09-23, H08-18, C-235 and HC-1) kept in main plots while three seed rates viz. , 40kg ha -1 , 50 kg ha -1 and 60 kg ha -1 were kept in sub-plots and replicated thrice. Cultivar H09-23 emerged significantly earlier than H08-18 and C235 but, it was at par with HC-1. Cultivar C235 took significantly higher number of days to 50 per cent flowering and 50 per cent podding than other cultivars.