Deyan Ginev

The Planetary System: Web 3.0 & Active Documents for STEM

Abstract In this paper we present the Active Documents Paradigm (semantically annotated documents associated with a content commons that holds the corresponding background ontologies) and the Planetary system (as an active document player). We show that the current Planetary system gives a solid foundation and can be extended modularly to address most of the criteria of the Executable Papers Challenge.

The LaTeXML daemon: editable math on the collaborative web

The language of the \({T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}/{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}\) typesetting system has become all-pervasive in scientific publications and has proven its stability, convenience and expressivity in its three-decade history. With the advent of the Web 2.0 paradigm, it has also become the primary choice of various technical and scientific social platforms, most prominently online encyclopedias (e.g. Planet- Math [Pla]) and question-answer forums (e.g. MathOverflow [Mat]). On the other hand, the standardization of MathML and OpenMath and the adoption of the former in HTML5, have opened the floodgates for scientific content native to the browser.

LATExml 2012: a year of LATExml

LATEXML, a TEX to XML converter, is being used in a wide range of MKM applications. In this paper, we present a progress report for the 2012 calendar year. Noteworthy enhancements include: increased coverage such as Wikipedia syntax; enhanced capabilities such as embeddable JavaScript and CSS resources and RDFa support; a web service for remote processing via web-sockets; along with general accuracy and reliability improvements. The outlook for an 0.8.0 release in mid-2013 is also discussed.

Intelligent Computer Mathematics - International Conference, CICM 2014, Coimbra, Portugal, July 7-11, 2014. Proceedings

Interlinking knowledge is one of the cornerstones of online collaboration. While wiki systems typically rely on links supplied by authors, in the early 2000s the mathematics encyclopedia at PlanetMath.org introduced a feature that provides automatic linking for previously defined concepts. The NNexus software suite was developed to support the necessary subtasks of concept indexing, concept discovery and link-annotation. In this paper, we describe our recent reimplementation and revisioning of the NNexus system. 1 NNexus 1.0 – Introduction PlanetMath.org is a mathematics digital library, built “the commons-based peer production way” [Kro03]. Like Wikipedia, which launched the same year, PlanetMath has been created by volunteer contributors from around the world. However, unlike Wikipedia, PlanetMath focuses solely on mathematics. Since its launch, it has used custom software both to support the display of mathematical expressions, and to facilitate the integration of new user-contributed content. One of the features designed to assist in content integration was an autolinking service. This service allowed authors to write without concerning themselves with wiki-style links to technical concepts that had already been added to the corpus. Instead, these links would be added automatically – and links would be recalculated and adjusted automatically as the encyclopedia grew, using a sophisticated caching and expiry system. The system provided an example of named entity recognition [NS07], where the entities to identify in submitted text are article titles, the names of terms defined in the articles, and any known synonyms. The process of adding links to named entities in text has come to be known as “wikification” [Rat+11]. In 2006, NNexus 1.0 began the process of decoupling autolinking from PlanetMath, and provided integration with other corpora (Wikipedia, Mathworld) on a demonstration basis [GKX06], an effort that has matured with the current release. 2 NNexus 2.0 – Reload, Refresh, Refactor The primary goal of our rebuild was to decouple fully from the old Noosphere system on PlanetMath.org. A strong contributing motivation was that Noosphere was in the process of being deprecated on PlanetMath and replaced by the new Planetary system [CD12]. The new NNexus works with Planetary, but also functions in a stand-alone fashion, and is published as a software library on the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN). It has been refactored to operate either as a web service, or programmatically via an API. NNexus accepts arbitrary HTML input and performs concept discovery against its concept index, followed by a serialization of the mined data, either as stand-off metadata or by in-place embedding. Concept indexing is performed by NNexus’ built-in web crawler. It is based on a plugin architecture. Every indexed web resource requires its own indexer class, which contains the custom rules for detecting the concept definitions in the page. For example, PlanetMath’s key terms are found in RDFa metadata that has been deposited in the encyclopedia pages, whereas the Digital Library of Mathematical Functions lists its defined concepts in its index as bold-anchored elements. The current NNexus release ships with a database that integrates the concepts from seven web resources for mathematical concepts. These include the three best-known web resources for mathematics – Wolfram’s MathWorld; PlanetMath.org; and Wikipedia – as well as Springer’s Encyclopedia of Mathematics; the Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF); the nLab (which focuses on category theory); and the recently created MathHub.info. At the time of writing, the NNexus index contains just under 50,000 unique concepts in its index. With the introduction of client-side tools for embedding NNexus [Gin13], we can also report successful auto-linking in third-party platforms such as arXiv.org and Zentralblatt MATH.

Authoring and publishing units and quantities in semantic documents

This paper shows how an explicit representation of units and quantities can improve the experience of semantically published documents, and provides a first authoring method in this respect. To exemplify the potential and practical advantages of encoding explicit semantics regarding units w.r.t. user experience, we demonstrate a unit system preference service, which enables the user to choose the system of units for the displayed paper. By semantically publishing units, we obtain a basis for a wide range of applications and services such as unknown unit lookup, unit and quantity semantic search and unit and quantity manipulation. Enabling semantic publishing for units is also presented in the context of a large collection of legacy scientific documents (the arXMliv corpus), where our approach allows to non-invasively enrich legacy publications.

The SMGloM Project and System: Towards a Terminology and Ontology for Mathematics

Mathematical vernacular – the everyday language we use to communicate about mathematics is characterized by a special vocabulary. If we want to support humans with mathematical documents, we need to extract their semantics and for that we need a resource that captures the terminological, linguistic, and ontological aspects of the mathematical vocabulary. In the SMGloM project and system, we aim to do just this. We present the glossary system prototype, the content organization, and the envisioned community aspects.

E-books and Graphics with

Marked by the highlights of native generation of epub E-books and TikZ support for creating svg images, we present an annual report of Open image in new window development in 2013. Open image in new window provides a reimplementation of the Open image in new window parser, geared towards preserving macro semantics; it supports an array of output formats, notably Open image in new window 5, epub, Open image in new window and its own Open image in new window near Open image in new window . Other highlights include enhancing performance when used inside high-throughput build-systems, via incorporating a native zip archive workflow, as well as a simplified installation procedure that now allows to deploy LaTeXML as a cloud service. To this end, we also introduce an official plugin-based scheme for publishing new features that go beyond the core scope of LaTeXML, such as web services or unconventional post-processors. The software suite has now migrated to GitHub and we welcome forks and patches from the wider FLOSS community.