Dhananjay Singh

A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is the convergence of Internet with RFID, Sensor and smart objects. IoT can be defined as “things belonging to the Internet” to supply and access all of real-world information. Billions of devices are expected to be associated into the system and that shall require huge distribution of networks as well as the process of transforming raw data into meaningful inferences. IoT is the biggest promise of the technology today, but still lacking a novel mechanism, which can be perceived through the lenses of Internet, things and semantic vision. This paper presents a novel architecture model for IoT with the help of Semantic Fusion Model (SFM). This architecture introduces the use of Smart Semantic framework to encapsulate the processed information from sensor networks. The smart embedded system is having semantic logic and semantic value based Information to make the system an intelligent system. This paper presents a discussion on Internet oriented applications, services, visual aspect and challenges for Internet of things using RFID, 6lowpan and sensor networks.

Impact and Performance of Mobility Models in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

This paper has discussed some of the common Mobility Models and few uncommon ones and their impact on various networks and routing parameters. In the past, mobility models were rather casually used to evaluate network performance under different routing protocols. Therefore, the network performance will be strongly influenced by the nature of the mobility pattern. The mobility model plays an essential role especially in routing on mobile ad-hoc networks. Mobility management in ad hoc wireless networks faces many challenges. Mobility constantly causes the network topology to change. In order to keep accurate routes, the routing protocols must dynamically readjust to such changes. Thus, routing update traffic overhead is significantly high. Different mobility patterns have in general different impact on a specific network protocol or application.

Developing an architecture: Scalability, mobility, control, and isolation on future internet services

We are designing a novel architecture to support future internet services which is going to solve fundamental issues such as addressing, mobility, routing scalability challenges, security and control to support trillion of things to connect with internet. In this paper we have presented an efficient hierarchical identification mapping server (IMS) which uses separation mechanism of identification (ID) and location (LOC). IMS introduces huge amount of LOC independent globally unique Flat ID and Bloom Filter (BF) has been introduces the management of Flat IDs during the Lookup process into the IMS. Hence, we can state that hierarchical IMS architecture could be an alternative solution of current internet oriented innovations in a scalable manner. The aim of architecture is the coverage of Internet and sensors oriented smart objects.

Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Using 802.11 Based Media Access for Sink Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks

The next generation surveillance and multimedia systems will become increasingly deployed as wireless sensor networks in order to monitor parks, public places and for business usage. The convergence of data and telecommunication over IP-based networks has paved the way for wireless networks. Functions are becoming more intertwined by the compelling force of innovation and technology. For example, many closed-circuit TV premises surveillance systems now rely on transmitting their images and data over IP networks instead of standalone video circuits. These systems will increase their reliability in the future on wireless networks and on IEEE 802.11 networks. However, due to limited non-overlapping channels, delay, and congestion there will be problems at sink nodes. In this paper we provide necessary conditions to verify the feasibility of round robin technique in these networks at the sink nodes by using a technique to regulate multi-radio multichannel assignment. We demonstrate through simulations that dynamic channel assignment scheme using multi-radio, and multichannel configuration at a single sink node can perform close to optimal on the average while multiple sink node assignment also performs well. The methods proposed in this paper can be a valuable tool for network designers in planning network deployment and for optimizing different performance objectives.

An energy consumption technique for global healthcare monitoring applications

This paper has proposed an energy consumption algorithm in 6lowpan networks. The performance results have been analyzed mathematical and simulation compression between energy and density. We have designed global healthcare monitoring system. In this system, wearable {6lowpan + biomedical (IP-BSNs)} sensor are fixed into the patients body area networks that would be connected to the internet based gateway. The IP-BSNs has a unique IP-address to establish global connectivity between patient and doctor. The service provider (doctor), using internet based equipments such as PDA, Cell Phone etc., can communicate to the patients and can acquire data of the patients body via that unique address, globally. The 6lowpan stack has been compressed IPv6 over Lowpan. The modified AODV protocol has been used star routing technique to establish connectivity between IP-BSNs and PAN coordinator based gateway. The system has been evaluated by technical verification, clinical test, user survey and current status of patient.

IP-based ubiquitous healthcare system

This paper presents a new concept of MAC and LOAD protocols for IP based ubiquitous healthcare system. The system used IEEE 802.15.4 standard lowpan with integrated IPv6. For healthcare system we added LOAD (6lowpan Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector) and MAC (Medium Access Control) protocols in Harvanpsilas 6lowpan stack. 6lowpan stack has ability to connect the physical environment in real-world applications such as healthcare, wireless sensor network, network technology etc. IP-enable motes set on the patient body for retrieving biomedical from body in PAN. PAN network connected PC via gateway or base station for further analysis or to the doctorpsilas PDA (personal digital assistant). The doctor can recognize or analysis patient data from anywhere on globe by internet service provider equipments (PDA). Result shows the performance biomedical data packets in multi-hope routing as well as represents the topology of the networks. TelosB motes were tested on octopus simulator in tinyOS2.02 for performance of biomedical data communication and network topology.

Multi-Channel Distributed Coordinated Function over Single Radio in Wireless Sensor Networks

Multi-channel assignments are becoming the solution of choice to improve performance in single radio for wireless networks. Multi-channel allows wireless networks to assign different channels to different nodes in real-time transmission. In this paper, we propose a new approach, Multi-channel Distributed Coordinated Function (MC-DCF) which takes advantage of multi-channel assignment. The backoff algorithm of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) was modified to invoke channel switching, based on threshold criteria in order to improve the overall throughput for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over 802.11 networks. We presented simulation experiments in order to investigate the characteristics of multi-channel communication in wireless sensor networks using an NS2 platform. Nodes only use a single radio and perform channel switching only after specified threshold is reached. Single radio can only work on one channel at any given time. All nodes initiate constant bit rate streams towards the receiving nodes. In this work, we studied the impact of non-overlapping channels in the 2.4 frequency band on: constant bit rate (CBR) streams, node density, source nodes sending data directly to sink and signal strength by varying distances between the sensor nodes and operating frequencies of the radios with different data rates. We showed that multi-channel enhancement using our proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay. This technique can be considered for WSNs future use in 802.11 networks especially when the IEEE 802.11n becomes popular thereby may prevent the 802.15.4 network from operating effectively in the 2.4 GHz frequency band.

Secure and reliable cloud networks for smart transportation services

This paper has discussed about smart transportation services in cloud (Cloud-STS) for safety and convenience. STS provide driver centric board services in the cloud networks. STS composed of Vehicle to WiFi networks (VtoWiFi), Vehicle to Cloud Network (VtoCN), Vehicle to Vehicle (VtoV), and Cloud Network to service provider (CNtoSP). The idea is to utilize the (WiFi enabled) Smart Highways and 3Dcamera enabled dash board navigation device to enhance accident prevention / monitoring and control. Hence, in the event of accident, the video recorded using the collectors and the information about the location, specified by the GPS module are transferred to reliable cloud so that the concerned authorities can have a look at the evidence stored at same time and provide additional services to capture and share real-time accident/traffic footages.

Spectral and Energy Efficient Low-Overhead Uplink and Downlink Channel Estimation for 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Uplink and Downlink channel estimation in massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems is an intricate issue because of the increasing channel matrix dimensions. The channel feedback overhead using traditional codebook schemes is very large, which consumes more bandwidth and decreases the overall system efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to decrease the channel estimation overhead by taking the advantage of sparse attributes and also to optimize the Energy Efficiency (EE) of the system. To cope with this issue, we propose a novel approach by using Compressed-Sensing (CS), Block Iterative-Support-Detection (Block-ISD), Angle-of-Departure (AoD) and Structured Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (S-CoSaMP) algorithms to reduce the channel estimation overhead and compare them with the traditional algorithms. The CS uses temporal-correlation of time-varying channels to produce Differential-Channel Impulse Response (DCIR) among two CIRs that are adjacent in time-slots. DCIR has greater sparsity than the conventional CIRs as it can be easily compressed. The Block-ISD uses spatial-correlation of the channels to obtain the block-sparsity which results in lower pilot-overhead. AoD quantizes the channels whose path-AoDs variation is slower than path-gains and such information is utilized for reducing the overhead. S-CoSaMP deploys structured-sparsity to obtain reliable Channel-State-Information (CSI). MATLAB simulation results show that the proposed CS based algorithms reduce the feedback and pilot-overhead by a significant percentage and also improve the system capacity as compared with the traditional algorithms. Moreover, the EE level increases with increasing Base Station (BS) density, UE density and lowering hardware impairments level.

Quality of Service of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Due to distributed nature, dynamic topology and resources constraints of tiny sensing nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the quality of service (QoS) support is a challenging issue. However, satisfying the stringent QoS requirements is an open problem. QoS aware protocols for WSNs have gained recently considerable attention of the researchers. In this paper, we focus on the QoS satisfaction in WSNs, basics of QoS support in WSNs, and more importantly challenge, requirements of QoS at each layer. Furthermore, we review the QoS protocols and categorize the QoS aware protocols and elaborate their pros and cons. We also discuss the QoS parameters with respect to each protocol performance parameters. A survey and comprehensive discussion on the QoS aware protocols of WSNs are presented, including their strengths and limitations. Finally, we also survey some computational intelligence (CI) techniques and find the basic requirements of such techniques. Moreover, we study these CI techniques in the light of QoS management and tabulate the level of each CI technique for QoS management. The paper is concluded with open research issues.