Dhesingh Ravi Shankaran

Seed-free synthesis of 1D silver nanowires ink using clove oil (Syzygium Aromaticum) at room temperature.

HYPOTHESIS Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been demonstrated to be a promising next generation conducting material and an alternative to the traditional electrode (ITO) because of its high conductivity, transparency and stability. Generally, AgNWs are synthesized by chemical method (mainly polyol reduction method) at high temperature in the presence of exotic seeds. The present work aims at the green approach for preparation and characterization of 1D AgNWs ink using clove oil (Syzygium Aromaticum) at room temperature. EXPERIMENTS AgNWs was prepared by green synthesis using clove oil as reducing as well as capping agent at room temperature. The obtained ink was purified, filtered and redissolved in methanol. FINDINGS The prepared AgNWs showed an absorption peaks at 350 and 387nm in the UV-vis spectrum due to transverse SPR mode of silver. From the HR-TEM analysis, it was observed that the AgNWs possess an average diameter and length of ∼39±0.01nm and ∼3μm, respectively. The obtained AgNWs are crystalline in nature and are arranged in a perfect crystal lattice orientation, which was confirmed from the selected area electron diffraction studies. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the face centered cubic structure. The AgNWs coated glass substrate shows an electrical conductivity of ∼0.48×10(6)S/m.

Nano-Enabled Immunosensors for Point-of-Care Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract Recent advances in molecular biology have shown that tumor markers play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis as well as providing insights into the etiology of cancer. Rapid progress in identifying biomarkers that are hallmarks of disease has increased the demand for high-performance detection technologies. Implementation of immunodiagnostic methods in clinical analysis may provide an effective answer to the growing need for rapid, specific, inexpensive, and fully automated means of biomarker analysis. Recently, much attention has been paid to the use of immunosensors for the detection of tumor markers, due to their high sensitivity, easy miniaturization, and automation. The advancements and opportunities provided by nanomaterials in improving recognition and transduction have been well explored in immunodiagnostics. This chapter summarizes the recent advances in the development of immunodiagnostics sensors for cancer biomarkers. The challenges and opportunities in integrating nanotechnology with the various immunodiagnostics sensing strategies are explored to enable high-performance diagnostics for point-of-care (POC) solutions.

Cellulose Nanocrystals for Health Care Applications

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are enjoying worldwide interest as a sustainable bio-based nanomaterial due to their unique structural and physicochemical properties, such as renewability, low density, biocompatibility, adaptable surface chemistry, optical transparency, nontoxic, biodegradability, and improved mechanical properties. CNCs are promising candidates for applications in various fields including biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics, barrier films, nanocomposites, membranes, and super capacitors. The increasing demand for new types of CNC based nanomaterials on an industrial scale has resulted in the development of new resources, new extraction procedures, and new functionalization processes. The large surface area and the presence of abundant surface hydroxyl groups allow the functionalization of CNCs for desired applications with improved functionality. This chapter provides an overview of recent progress in the production methodologies of CNCs, principal cellulose resources, processes used for their isolation, and applications in health care with a special focus in the areas of drug delivery, biosensors, wastewater treatment, and food packaging.

Nanoformulations for Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer: An Overview

Cancer is the second leading causes of death worldwide and it is one of the fatal diseases that kill millions of people every year. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells and loss of apoptosis that generates an abnormal mass of cells or tumors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and the risk is higher over the age of 55-65. Currently, PCa is the second most common cancer, which causes death in men has a high prevalence with relatively lower cancer mortality risk compared to lung and colon cancer. Management of cancer remains an ongoing challenge in oncology as it is a pathophysiological and heterogeneous disease. The current treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy available for cancer therapies are inadequate due to the heterogeneity characteristics of cancer and spur demand for improved technologies. Nanotechnology is an emerging and potential platform that uses nanoparticles for the disease diagnosis to targeted drug delivery system (DDS). One of the most important active research fields of nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which provides solutions to the difficulties of conventional chemotherapy. Nanoformulation based drug delivery enhances the properties to improve the pharmacokinetics profile, bioavailability and these drug carriers increases the therapeutic efficiency compared to the regular chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, nanoformulated drugs help to overcome the lack of selectivity and adverse side effects of conventional chemotherapy. This review provides an overview of PCa drug delivery systems. A special emphasis is given to research work around the world in the development of nanoformulations for targeted drug delivery to PCa.