Diaa-Eldin Taha

Health-related quality of life after radical cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction in women: impact of voiding and continence status.

To assess health‐related quality of life, and the impact of night‐time incontinence and chronic urinary retention on health‐related quality of life in women with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder.

Changes in Differential Renal Function after Pyeloplasty in Children

PURPOSE Previous series showed controversial differential renal function outcomes after pyeloplasty in children. However, they were limited by study power, methodology and lack of comparable end points. We determined the status of differential renal function after pyeloplasty in children in what is to our knowledge the largest series to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS After excluding patients with renal anomalies, solitary kidney or bilateral pyeloplasty from analysis, we retrospectively identified 196 younger than 18 years who were treated with pyeloplasty between May 2002 and January 2010 and had preoperative and postoperative renal scintigraphy available. Primary outcome measures were greater than 5% improvement in baseline differential renal function and baseline weighted differential renal function at last followup. Clinical variables predicting outcome measures were determined using univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS During a median followup of 12 months, mean ± SD differential renal function improved from 35.8% ± 10% to 38.7% ± 11% (p <0.001). In the poor and intermediate groups baseline differential renal function improved, while in the good group function was static postoperatively (p <0.001). The linear regression model showed that only baseline differential renal function explained the variance in baseline weighted differential renal function (β = -0.393, p <0.001). In the Cox proportional hazards model baseline differential renal function (less than 35% HR 3.196, p <0.001 and 35% to 40% HR 2.733, p = 0.002) and cortical thickness (HR 2.114, p = 0.029) were the only predictors of a greater than 5% improvement in postoperative differential renal function. CONCLUSIONS Renal function improves after pyeloplasty in children. Baseline differential renal function and cortical thickness predict improvement after surgery.

Prostate tissue retrieval after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate; assessment of non-morcellation approaches

Abstract Objectives: To review non-morcellation approaches for tissue retrieval after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and whether these approaches demolish the advantages of the HoLEP procedure. Patients and methods: We reviewed our prospectively maintained laser prostate database for HoLEP procedures where non-morcellation approaches were used for retrieval of the enucleated adenoma. Non-morcellation approaches were adopted in cases of morcellator malfunction or whenever concomitant pathology indicated laparotomy. Patients were stratified into the laparotomy group (Group I) or the transurethral resection (TUR) group (Group II). Safety and efficacy of each approach were assessed and compared. Results: Between August 2012 and July 2015, of 392 HoLEP procedures non-morcellation approaches were used for tissue retrieval in 37 (9.4%). In 19 procedures a laparotomy approach was adopted (17 mini-laparotomies and two conventional laparotomies for concomitant diverticulectomy). TUR of the enucleated adenoma was adopted in 18 patients. Baseline demographic data and indications for surgery were comparable between the groups. However, significantly larger prostates were treated in Group I. There were no significant differences between the groups for tissue retrieval time, histopathological findings of retrieved tissue, and peri-procedure biochemical changes. However, significantly more tissue was retrieved (median tissue weight 115 vs 38 g) and at a faster rate (4.6 vs 1.09 g/min) in Group I. The median hospital stay was similar in both groups, but the median time to catheter removal was longer in Group I (5 vs 2 days). Minimal and similar peri-procedure complications were reported in both groups and in both groups there was a significant and comparable improvement in all urinary outcome measures. Conclusion: In the absence or malfunction of a tissue morcellator, or whenever concomitant pathology indicates laparotomy, non-morcellation tissue retrieval approaches are feasible options for endourologists practicing transurethral enucleation of prostate adenoma. These approaches are valid alternatives retaining most of the advantages of the transurethral prostate enucleation procedure.

A randomised controlled trial evaluating renal protective effects of selenium with vitamins A, C, E, verapamil, and losartan against extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy‐induced renal injury

To evaluate the protective effects of selenium with vitamins A, C and E (selenium ACE, i.e. antioxidants), verapamil (calcium channel blocker), and losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) against extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)‐induced renal injury.

Acute kidney injury after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stones in solitary kidneys

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the incidence, severity, outcome and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in solitary kidneys. Methods: The study included consecutive adult patients who underwent PNL for treatment of calculi in a solitary kidney between May 2012 and July 2015. Patients with congenital renal anomalies or with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) were excluded. Serum creatinine levels were measured the day before PNL, daily after PNL for 2–5 days and after 3 months. AKI was depicted according to changes in early postoperative serum creatinine levels and its severity was determined based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification. The outcome of AKI was evaluated after 3 months by changes in the stage of CKD. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine risk factors for developing AKI. Results: The study included 100 patients (62 males) with a mean ± SD age of 50 ± 11.7 years. Complications were reported for 27 patients. AKI developed in 25 patients; at the 3 month follow-up, 23 of them (92%) had completely recovered from AKI and two (8%) had developed stage 4 CKD. Independent risk factors for developing AKI were multiple PNL tracts and postoperative ureteric obstruction (relative risks were 14 and 22, respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of AKI was 25% after PNL for a solitary kidney. The likelihood of renal function recovery was 92%. Multiple PNL tracts and postoperative ureteric obstruction were risk factors for developing AKI.

Pubovaginal sling, the godfather of midurethral slings that remained so

Abstract Forty years ago, autologous fascial slings became the gold standard in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence. In 1996, a synthetic material sling was introduced to the urogynecological literature known as tension-free vaginal tape. Some years later, another synthetic tape was introduced through a novel trajectory: transobturator. Due the conception of most polypropylene synthetic tapes, scores of devices, applicators and tape designs evolved. Now, with reports surfacing in the urologic literature on the adverse events of synthetic tapes and their potentially fatal complications, it is prudent to endeavor once more the place of autologous pubovaginal sling. This review addresses the evolution of pubovaginal slings and milestones of its journey to its current position in surgery of incontinence.

Coincidental Bladder Cuff Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Nephroureterectomy Specimens: Risk Factors, Prognosis and Clinical Implementation

PURPOSE There is a lack of reporting of the bladder cuff pathology in the literature and ongoing debate regarding the role of bladder cuff excision (BCE) in the prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We aimed to know the risk factors, the survival, and the clinical course of such pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was retrospective, from 1983-2013 on 305 patients who had diagnosed with UTUC. Patients were managed by radical open/ laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. The tumor was staged using 1997 TNM classification and the 3-tiered WHO grading system was used for grading. Patients who found to have a malignant bladder cuff on the final pathology were further analyzed for the risk factors for such disease and its effect on survivaltheir outcomes. RESULTS 13/ 281 (4.6%) cases were found to have malignant bladder cuff. Regarding tumor stage; one case was diagnosed with Tis, eight had T1 and four cases had T2 malignant bladder cuff. All cases were with pure ureteric or multifocalcentric tumors, and none had pure pelvicalyceal tumors (p = .001).Local recurrence at the surgical site and distant metastasis were significantly higher among patients with malignant bladder cuff (p = .001 and .002 respectively), and the last sustained its significance in multivariate analysis. Those patients had a poor prognosis when compared to non-malignant bladder cuff cases (Log Rank test, p = .001)Conclusion: Ureteric tumor is the only independent risk factor for malignant bladder cuff at the final pathology and is associated with increased risks for invasive bladder tumor, distant metastasis and poor survival in comparison with non-malignant bladder cuff. In a clinical implementation, BCE is considered as a mandatory step in management of ureteric tumors, while it could be omitted in pure and low grade renal pelvis tumors.

Non-transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract:A case series among 305 cases at a tertiary urology institute

Non-transitional cell carcinomas (non-TCC) of the upper urinary tract as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma (SmCC) are rare with few case reports in the literature. We retrospectively reviewed our patients who surgically treated for upper tract urothelial carcinoma from 1983 to 2013 for non-TCC pathological cancer characteristics and survival. Among 305 patients, only 5 (1.6%) cases were found: One case of SmCC, another had adenocarcinoma, and 3 SCC cases. None of them had intravesical recurrence and the cancer-specific survival for non-TCC cohort is markedly decreased (log-rank = 0.01) compared to TCC patients.

Chronic urinary retention after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder in women: Risk factors and relation to time

PURPOSE To investigate the long-term cumulative incidence of chronic urinary retention (CUR) after radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) in women and the possible risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively evaluated cohort of women for whom RC and ONB were performed. Patients in CUR were evaluated for the cumulative incidence of CUR using Kaplan-Meier curve and for the possible risk factors using log rank and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 234 women with mean age ± SD of 52.3 ± 9 years and a median (range) of follow-up of 92 (12-247) months were included. The incidence of CUR increased with time, where 12 (5.2%), 21 (8.97%), 35 (14.9%), 53 (22.6%), and 56 (24%) patients started clean intermittent catheterization in 1, 2, 2 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years, and after 10 years of follow-up, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus and urethral Kock pouch were independent predictors of CUR development (HR [95% CI] = 2.45 [1.2-5.1], and 2.1 [1.05-4.2], P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Genital- sparing RC and surgical modification to provide pouch back support were independent factors that reduce CUR development (HR [95% CI] = 9.3 [1.25-69.9], and 2.1 [1.19-3.9], P = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION The incidence of CUR after RC and ONB in women increases with time even after 10 years of follow-up. Presence of diabetes mellitus increases the risk of CUR development. Genital-sparing RC and modification to prevent CUR reduced the likelihood of CUR development.

Studying the Morbidity and Renal Function Outcome of Missed Internal Ureteral Stents: A Matched Pair Analysis

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of missed internal ureteral stents (IUS) on renal function and to describe different modalities of management and associated morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study included patients with missed IUS (>1 year). The complications of missed IUS were categorized according to the forgotten, encrusted, calcified (FECal) grading system. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation at time of initial stent placement and time of stent removal. An age- and sex-matched group of patients who had IUS and had available follow-up for the same duration of the study group were used as a control. RESULTS A total of 46 missed IUS in 46 patients were included. Complicated stents were reported in 34 (73.9%) patients. FECal grade 1 was reported in 16 (57.2%) patients followed by grade 2 and 4 in 5 (17.8%) patients each. Retrograde removal, visual cystolitholapaxy, ureteroscopy with laser disintegration of encrustations and combined retrograde and antegrade approach have been used in 21, 5, 10, and 9 patients, respectively. In the missed IUS group, the mean±standard deviation (SD) eGFR has declined from 65.5±26.3 mL/min/1.73m(2) to 54.3±30 mL/min/1.73m(2) (P=0.001). While in the control group, the mean±SD eGFR has increased from 57.5±30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) to 66.7±27 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Missed IUS were associated with significant complications that necessitated more invasive intervention. In addition, IUS had a negative impact on renal function at time of removal.