Diah Ayu Maharani

Do the Indonesians Receive the Dental Care Treatment They Need? A Secondary Analysis on Self-Perceived Dental Care Need

Increasing access for citizens to health services, including dental care, is one of the primary targets of the Indonesian Ministry of Health. To assess progress toward this goal, we sought to describe the magnitude of unmet needs for dental care among Indonesians. Secondary data of nationally representative surveys conducted from 2003 to 2007 were analysed to describe the associations between unmet needs for dental care in different demographic groups. In average, 2.28% of the Indonesian population reported perceiving need for dental care and 0.74% reported utilizing dental care. The average of unmet need was 72.04%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that respondents who lived in rural areas, who were uninsured, had higher odds ratios in reporting unmet dental care needs. Perceived need for and utilization of dental care among Indonesians was found to be low. Moreover, the unmet need for dental care is relatively high.

Fluoride concentration in urine after silver diamine fluoride application on tooth enamel

Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF), which contains fluoride, is known to inhibit tooth enamel demineralization and increase fluoride concentrations in saliva and urine. The aim of this study is to analyze the fluoride concentration in urine after application of SDF on tooth enamel. Urine from four subjects was collected prior to, 30 minutes after, and two and three hours after the application of SDF, and an ion-selective electrode was used to measure the fluoride concentrations. There was no significant difference between time 1 and time 2, time 1 and time 3, time 1 and time 4, time 2 and 3 (p > 0.05), and there was a significant difference between time 2 and time 4 as well as time 3 and time 4 (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in the concentration of fluoride ions in urine from the baseline to 30 minutes after application, and an increase from baseline to two and three hours after the application of SDF.

Relationship between oral health status and masticatory performance with nutritional status in the elderly

The greatest component in the decay–missing–filled teeth index is tooth loss, which occurs mostly in the elderly. Tooth loss can affect the ability to chew food, resulting in a lack of nutritional intake. A cross-sectional study was performed at four community health centers in Central, South, and East Jakarta of 93 elderly (age ≥60) subjects who underwent intraoral examination, anthropometric measurement (body mass index [BMI]) and interview using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Of the subjects, 53.8% had ≥20 natural teeth and 55.9% were at risk for malnutrition. Correlation testing showed that the total number of natural, decayed, missing, and filled teeth and masticatory performance (p > 0.05) were not significantly correlated with nutritional status (BMI and MNA). There is no relationship between oral health status, masticatory performance, and nutritional status in the elderly.

Effect of silver diamine fluoride application on fluoride concentration in saliva

Silver diaminefluoride can increase fluoride concentration in saliva, facilitate remineralization, and increase the bioavailability of fluoride in saliva. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in fluoride concentration in saliva before and after silver diaminefluoride application on enamel. Stimulated saliva of four subjects was collected, and the concentration of fluoride was measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the fluoride concentration (p<0.05) before, immediately after, and one hour after silver diaminefluoride application on enamel. It can be concluded that fluoride concentration reached its peak immediately after silver diamine fluoride application on enamel and that it had returned to the baseline one hour after application.

Effect and impact of silver diamine fluoride application in primary teeth caries on children’s quality of life

Caries is the greatest oral health problem in children aged 3–5 years in Indonesia. Early caries treatment can heal toothache and increase quality of life. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is used to treat primary teeth caries. Herein, we evaluated the quality of life of 59 children aged 3–5 years 3 months after SDF application. Mothers were given a quality of life questionnaire before and after application. After SDF application, 89.36% of caries were arrested and the quality of life of the children had significantly increased (p < 0.05). SDF was effective in treating primary teeth caries and increasing childrens quality of life.

The measurement of fluoride ion in anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) using ion selective electrode

Anchovy is a common fish found in all over Indonesia’s sea. Anchovy, often stated, that it has high fluoride content as well as other ocean fishes, but to date there are limited study measuring the fluoride content in anchovy (Stolephorus insularis) established yet. The aim of this study is to measure fluoride content in Stolephorus insularis using Ion Selective Electrode (ISE). To measure fluoride ion with ISE, sample preparation was needed to obtain maximum fluoride readability. Sample preparation consisted of heating, shaking, digesting, and ashing. Samples were divided into two groups, one was heated using the oven at 800 for 5 minutes (oven group), and the other group was left fresh (non-oven group). The prepared samples were then measured with ISE. The results found that the fluoride concentration of non-oven and oven Stolephorus insularis ranged from 12.935 – 13.381 ppm and 15.416 – 24.914 ppm, respectively. It is concluded that ovened Stolephorus insularis has potential to be a natural source of fluoride.

Dental erosion in 12-year-old school children living in Jakarta

This study assesses the dental erosion status of 12-year-old Indonesian children and studies the determinants of dental erosion of these children. The survey was performed in 2016 with ethics approval. A multistage cluster proportional to size random sampling method was adopted to select 12-year-old children in 24 primary schools in Jakarta. The parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire concerning their childrens diet and oral health habits. The children were examined by a single calibrated examiner. Detection of dental erosion followed basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) criteria. A total of 487 children participated in the survey. Most children (88%) had at least some signs of erosion (BEWE > 0), with dentin being involved in 50% of the cases (BEWE = 2). Dental erosion was significantly related to gender, the frequencies of citric tea consumption, parents dental knowledge, fathers education, and dental caries (OR = 3.148). The 12-year-old Indonesian school children who lived in Jakarta had signs of erosion, although severe erosion was not found. Screening programs should be provided to identify risk groups so early preventive measures can be taken.

Efficacy test of a toothpaste in reducing extrinsic dental stain

This clinical trial compared the external dental stain reduction achieved by tested toothpaste versus placebo in adult patients. In this double-blind, parallel, randomised clinical trial, 45 female volunteers with a mean age of 20 years old were included. All study subjects front teeth were topically applicated with Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) to create external dental stains. Subjects were randomized into test (n=22) and control (n=23) groups. Toothpastes were used for two days to analyse the effects of removing external stains on the labial surfaces of all anterior teeth. VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 was used to measure dental extrinsic stains changes. The analysis showed statistically significant efficacy of the tested toothpaste in reducing external dental stain caused by SDF, comparing to the placebo toothpaste, after one and two days of usage. The tested toothpaste was effective in reducing dental stain.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Indonesia version of the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children

Objective: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires have been administered to children older than 6 years. Currently, the scale of oral health outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5) has been used to determine the OHRQoL through self-reports and parental proxy reports of children aged <6 years. This study was conducted to estimate the psychometric reliability and validity after adapting the SOHO-5 to the Indonesian language. Materials and Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation was tested in children aged 5 years old and their parents. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were measured among 161 kindergarten children in Jakarta, along with a clinical examination for dental caries. Results: Cronbachs alpha coefficients for internal consistency were 0.89 and 0.86 for childs self-reports and parental reports, respectively. The test-retest reliability results were excellent based on repeated administrations in 27 children; the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.81 and 0.94 for the parental reports and childs self-reports, respectively. No corrected item-total correlation value was lower than 0.30, allowing all items in the instrument to be included for data analyses. The construct validity of the childs self-reports showed that the Indonesian SOHO-5 total score was significantly associated only with the presence of dental caries (P < 0.001). The construct validity of the parental reports described that the SOHO-5 total score was significantly associated with proxy-rated oral health, the childs perceived dental treatment and satisfaction with the childs oral health (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed the Indonesian version of SOHO-5 is a reliable and valid OHRQoL measure for 5-year-old Indonesian children.

The evaluation of root fracture with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT): an epidemiological study

Background The aim of this study was evaluation of the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image of 50 patients at the ages of 8-15 suspecting root fracture and root fracture occurred, exposed to dental traumatic. In additionally, this study was showed effect of crown fracture on root fracture healing. Material and Methods All of the individuals included in the study were obtained images with the cone-beam computed tomography range of 0,3 voxel and 8.9 seconds.(i-CAT®, Model 17-19, Imaging SciencesInternational, Hatfield, Pa USA).The information obtained from the history and CBCT images of patients were evaluated using chi-square test statistical method the mean and the distribution of the independent variables. Results 50 children, have been exposed to trauma, was detected root fracture injury in 97 teeth. Horizontal root fracture 63.9% of the 97 tooth, the oblique in 31.9%, both the horizontal and oblique in 1.03%, partial fracture in 2.06% ,and both horizontally and vertical in 1.03% was observed.The most affected teeth, respectively of, are the maxillary central incisor (41.23% left, right, 37.11%), maxillary left lateral incisor (9.27%), maxillary right lateral incisor (11.34%), and mandibular central incisor (1.03%). Conclusions Crown fractures have negative effects on spontaneous healing of root fractures. CBCT are used selected as an alternative to with conventional radiography for diagnosis of root fractures. In particular, ıt’s cross-sectional image is quite useful and has been provided more conveniences seeing the results of diagnosis and treatment for clinician. Key words:Root fracture, CBCT, Epidemiolog.