Diana Twede

Packaging postponement : A global packaging strategy

Postponement applications have been growing in recent years as international firms increasingly develop global products that are customized for local markets. The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of the logistical principles of postponement and speculation. It explores the factors that favour packaging postponement: (a) modular products that can be customized for local markets; (b) products that gain volume, weight or value from packing; (c) unpredictable demand; (d) a large number of market-based variations for a single formulation; and (e) situations where economies of scale in packaging and logistics can be optimized. Examples are presented. Copyright

Supply Chain Issues in Reusable Packaging

Abstract Reusable/returnable shipping containers are not appropriate for every product or logistical system. Successful use depends on whether the investment is profitable, considering all cost flows, some of which are related to packaging performance issues. But it also depends on the ability of the supply chain to manage the relationships and operational aspects of the system. This paper uses two case studies to illustrate how a well-managed supply chain facilitates reusable packaging: the US automobile manufacturing industry and the UK supermarket industry. It also shows how logistics and packaging factors affect the cost of a reusable packaging system.

Commercial Amphoras: The Earliest Consumer Packages?:

Commercial amphoras are large ceramic vessels that were used from 1500 B.C. to 500 A.D. to ship wine and other products throughout the Mediterranean, supplying the ancient Greek and Roman empires. Although their form is much different from our own packages, the shape and design were clearly the result of the same reasoning that we use to design successful packaging today. The unusual shape, especially the pointed base, facilitated handling, storage, transport, and use in marketing channels that were very differently shaped from those that are used today. This article investigates amphoras’ physical properties, manufacturing process, and logistical and marketing advantages and illustrates the value of such packaging artifacts in documenting the history of trade.

Uneeda Biscuit: The First Consumer Package?

This article describes the development of the Uneeda Biscuit package, created in 1899, and the claim that it was the first consumer package. The package represents an important change in the way products were sold. The technical and 7narketing innovation of this package demonstrates a major cultural shift to packaged consumer goods and shelf-stable food—the package was a necessary component in the self-service national distribution retail era that was to follow. The claim that Uneeda Biscuit employed the first consumer package can be refuted on some specific grounds—glass bottles have been used as distinctive consumer unit packages since the 1700s; canned food dates from the mid 1800s; and consumer packages for toilet paper preceded the Uneeda box by 20 years. Nonetheless, Uneeda played an important role in the development of the paperboard box industry, which has been a necessary component of twentieth-century retailing.

The birth of modern packaging: Cartons, cans and bottles

Purpose – During a short two‐decade period (1879‐1903) processes for making food packages – paperboard cartons, tinplate cans and glass bottles – were mechanized by American inventor/entrepreneurs Robert Gair, Edwin Norton and Michael Owens, respectively. This paper aims to describe the context for packaged, processed food at the time, and to explore the men, their inventions, and the modern packaging industry that they collectively developed.Design/methodology/approach – Biographies and patents were reviewed as well as contemporaneous and retrospective trade publications, newspapers, censuses and commentary.Findings – Packagings industrial revolution played a key role in the development of modern marketing. Mass‐produced cartons, cans and bottles collectively became building blocks for mass markets. By the time of the first supermarket in 1920, annual sales of packaged breakfast cereal, crackers, biscuits, canned fruits and vegetables, preserves, soft drinks and other prepared foods had increased by 60‐...

The birth of modern packaging

Purpose – During a short two‐decade period (1879‐1903) processes for making food packages – paperboard cartons, tinplate cans and glass bottles – were mechanized by American inventor/entrepreneurs Robert Gair, Edwin Norton and Michael Owens, respectively. This paper aims to describe the context for packaged, processed food at the time, and to explore the men, their inventions, and the modern packaging industry that they collectively developed.Design/methodology/approach – Biographies and patents were reviewed as well as contemporaneous and retrospective trade publications, newspapers, censuses and commentary.Findings – Packagings industrial revolution played a key role in the development of modern marketing. Mass‐produced cartons, cans and bottles collectively became building blocks for mass markets. By the time of the first supermarket in 1920, annual sales of packaged breakfast cereal, crackers, biscuits, canned fruits and vegetables, preserves, soft drinks and other prepared foods had increased by 60‐...

11th Conference on Historical Analysis & Research in Marketing (CHARM) Abstracts: The Romance of Marketing History

S OF THE 2003 CHARM CONFERENCE 11th Conference on Historical Analysis & Research in Marketing (CHARM) Abstracts: The Romance of Marketing History Conference Co-Chairs: Terrence Witkowski, California State University, Long Beach Diana Twede, Michigan State University Proceedings Editor: Eric H. Shaw, Florida Atlantic University The 11th Conference on Historical Analysis & Research (CHARM) in Marketing (marking the twentieth-year anniversary of the conference) was held at Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan. Abstracts of the full papers presented at the conference are presented here. Copies of the proceedings may be purchased by sending U.S.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) performance: the effect of tag orientation and package contents

50 for membership in the Association for Historical Research in Marketing to Brian Jones, School of Business, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mount Carmel Ave., Hamden, CT 06518-1949. Abstracts from other CHARM proceedings and a cumulative index to all past proceedings are available on the CHARM Web page at http://faculty.quinnipiac.edu/charm/. The 12th Conference on Historical Analysis & Research in Marketing will be held in Long Beach, California, April 28–May 1, 2005. China’s First Encounter with Global Brands: Pre-Communist Shanghai Russell Belk, University of Utah Xin Zhao, University of Utah China’s current experiences with globalism, localism, branding, and advertising can be informed by a consideration of earlier encounters with these forces in Old Shanghai. For more than 100 years, Shanghai was awash with foreign mar keting influences. This paper explores the historical context and effects of this experience. The analysis reveals a love-hate relationship with the foreign in Shanghai during the first half of the twentieth century. Resentment of this foreign presence was a major contributor to the civil war that ended in the for mation of the People’s Republic of China. At the same time, the conflict between marketing the global and the local in Old Shanghai prefigured the conflicted consumer loyalties of con temporary China. The U.S. Senior Market: A Study to Assess a Framework for Analyzing Market Segment Histories Blaine J. Branchik, Florida Atlantic University This paper assesses the appropriateness of a framework (Branchik 2002) created to guide the analysis of market seg ment histories. A previous paper established the framework using the U.S. gay market segment. This paper examines the history of the U.S. senior market segment. Following the framework, it begins by reviewing the history of the group of interest, identifying historical drivers key to the development of the segment, and creating a resultant periodization consist ing of historical periods or phases into which the segment’s history can be logically divided. In the case of the U.S. senior market segment, three phases emerge: (1) the independence phase, mid-nineteenth century–1935; (2) the growing afflu ence phase, 1935–65; and (3) the maturity phase, 1965– present. The paper then follows the framework by examining buyer/seller activities in each developmental phase and pro viding examples of associated products and services. Find ings confirm the appropriateness of the framework including 139 Journal of Macromarketing, Vol. 23 No. 2, December 2003 139-144 DOI: 10.1177/0276146703258257